【摘要】 为了促进生物电磁研究领域和安全性评价研究领域的更深入持久的交流与合作,首先通过查阅相关文献,综合流行病学资料及实验室结果,概述了生物电磁技术应用及其相关健康危害性评价方面的研究进展。关于生物电磁技术的医学应用方面,μs、ps及ns脉冲电场在肿瘤无创治疗中前景广阔;低频电磁场可促进骨细胞生长从而加速骨重建;钬激光体内结石碎石技术具有手术时间短、损伤小等优势;驻极体暴露为临床用药提供新方法。关于电磁暴露的健康危害性评价方面,微波辐射是否产生健康危害,目前尚无定论;尽管国际上仍有大量争议,但2007年国际卫生组织宣布工频电磁场与儿童白血病相关致癌性的人体证据有限;工频电磁场暴露影响动物认知的行为,其受影响程度与电磁场的磁感应强度、暴露持续时间密切相关;THz波在一定条件下可破坏脱氧核糖核酸(DNA)双螺旋结构,低水平THz波辐射可干扰蛋白质的识别过程;当人处于磁感应强度>4.0 T的核磁共振成像超高磁场中时,大多数人会出现头痛、胸闷等心脑血管不适症状。然后借鉴了公共卫生学、生理学、流行病学与管理毒理学等学科的基本理论,提出了建立生物电磁效应相关健康风险评估体系的构想和对策。即从生物电磁技术的危害识别、危害特征描述、暴露评估和风险特征描述这4个方面,对生物电磁技术应用的基本原理及有关电磁暴露的健康风险问题进行系统评估,为人们科学应用生物电磁技术并规避健康风险提供预防措施。未来的研究方向是应建立科学的、规范的、多学科融合的生物电磁效应相关健康风险评估体系。更多还原

【Abstract】 In order to promote the in-depth and regular communication and cooperation between the peers in the biological electromagnetic research field and the safety evaluation research field, on the basis of the present works, epidemiological data, and laboratory results, we summarized the research progress in bio-electromagnetic technology as well as the related works of health risk evaluation. Regarding to the medical applications, μs/ps/ns pulsed electric fields have a wide application prospect in non-invasive cancer treatments, low-frequency electromagnetic fields can promote the growth of bone cells and accelerate bone reconstruction, the holmium laser lithotripsy in vivo has certain advantages for its relatively short operation time and small body damage, and the electret exposure provides a new method for clinical treatment. As for the health hazard assessment of electromagnetic exposure, there is no conclusion that whether microwave radiation poses health risks. Although there is still a large number of international controversy, in 2007 the World ——Health Organization announced that the evidence of associated carcinogenicity in human of power-frequency electromagnetic field inducing childhood leukemia was limited. How power-frequency electromagnetic field exposure affects animal behavior cognition is associated with the electromagnetic field’s magnetic flux density and exposure duration. Under certain conditions, THz electromagnetic waves can destroy the double helix structure of DNA, and weak radiation of THz waves can interfere with the identification process of proteins. Being set in the magnetic resonance imaging field which has intensity above 4.0 T, most people will experience headaches, chest tightness, and other cardiovascular symptoms. Using the basic theories of public health, physiology, epidemiology and management of toxicology and some other disciplines, we proposed the ideas and measures for establishing the assessment system of health risks, i.e. from the four aspects including hazard identification of bio-electromagnetic technology, hazard characterization, exposure assessment, and risk characterization, system evaluation will be proceeded on the basic principles of bio-electromagnetic applications and related health risks of electromagnetic exposure, for the reasonable applications of bio-electromagnetic technologies and preparing preventive measures to avoid possible health risks. The first step should be establishing a scientific, standardized, multi-disciplinary integrated health risk assessment system to electromagnetic bio-effects.更多还原