【摘要】 对湖南76个地面气象观测站1970―2012年逐日能见度、相对湿度数据分析,获取湖南各区域逐日雾、霾情况,利用线性趋势分析雾、霾历年变化特点,采用MK分析得到雾霾突变情况,结果表明:近43a湖南雾日减少而霾日增多,其变化趋势通过信度为0.01显著性检验。年雾日从2008年开始呈断崖式减少,突变点通过了MK检验,年霾日呈稳定增多,没有突变发生;年雾日数在1~20d/a的台站最多(75.0%),而有59.2%台站霾日数在21~50d/a之间,这也使得全省霾日分布范围较雾广,年均天数较雾日多,雾日数区域变化明显;四季中冬季雾、霾最严重,特别是冬霾日占全年近一半,夏季雾霾出现次数最少,在湘中有一个三角型分布的霾高发区域。更多还原

【Abstract】 In this article,we analyzed the data of visibility and relative humidity during 1970—2012 from 76 surface stations in Hunan province to obtain conditions of daily fog and haze in each region of Hunan. And then a linear trend analysis was made to learn about the variation characteristics of fog and haze in the past years,and a MK analysis was made to learn about the mutation of fog and haze. The results showed the change trend of fog and haze( The significance of the reliability test is P < 0. 01.) — decrease in foggy days and increase in hazy days in recent 43 years in Hunan Province. The foggy days decreased abruptly from 2008 and the catastrophe point passed the MK reliability test. The number of hazy days per year increased stably without mutation. Most stations( 75. 0%) observed about1- 20 foggy days per year while 59. 2% of the stations observed 21- 50 hazy days per year,which showed that hazy days ranged more widely than foggy days and the annual average number of hazy days was more than that of foggy days; the foggy days varied greatly in different regions. Fog and haze were heavier in winter than in any other season.A half of the annual hazy days were in winter time. Fog and haze occur the least in summer. And in central Hunan there is a triangular high incidence area of haze.更多还原