【摘要】 目的以十堰市2011-2013年5岁以下儿童死亡上报信息为基础,对其家庭背景中的社会关系和家庭结构进行普遍调查,分析探索降低5岁以下儿童死亡率的有效途径。方法调查对象为5岁以下死亡儿童家庭以及居住地邻居有健康儿童家庭。选择不同地理环境的十堰市城区及偏远山区县竹溪县,调查儿童家庭主要家庭成员间以及现居住地邻居间相处和谐情况以及家庭结构信息情况。结果 5岁以下死亡儿童竹溪县51例,城区为54例。家庭社会关系主观问卷调查均显示家庭成员间及近邻居间关系满意度,城区与竹溪县无差异。其家庭结构信息显示死亡儿童家庭存在缺陷的比例较高平均20.95%,健康儿童家庭平均10.48%,两者比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),多胎家庭比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。从母亲孕期保健看,死亡儿童家庭及健康儿童家庭分别只有59.05%和75.24%基本完成孕期保健。结论家庭社会关系的主观问卷调查不能真实反映家庭成员间的和谐关系,家庭存在缺陷的儿童存在较高的死亡率,家庭保健意识还有提高空间,因此,保健服务对存在缺陷的家庭及儿童应该给予特别的关注,避免给社会和家庭带来的伤害。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective On the basis of reported information on the deaths of children under 5-year old in Shiyan between 2011 and2013,to survey family structure and social relations in these families and find effective methods of lowering the death rate of such children.Methods The families with deceased children under 5-years old were chosen as the survey target.Different geographical environments were chosen: Shiyan City,an urban area and Zhuxi County,a remote mountainous county.A self-administered questionnaire survey was performed.The relationship among family members,the relationship with local neighbors and family structure were investigated.Results Questionnaire results showed more than 96% satisfaction in both the relationship among family members,and with local neighbors; there was no significant difference between Shiyan City and Zhuqi County families.Families with deceased children had a higher proportion of defect with an average of 20.95% having defective family structure,while families without deceased children had an average of 10.48%.Comparisons with families having multiple children had no statistical significance.As for prenatal care,the completion rate of parental care in families with deceased children and families without was 59.05% and 75.24%respectively.Conclusions The questionnaire on family and social relationships could not truly reflect the harmonious relationship between family members.Families with defective family structures had a higher rate of children death.The family home care awareness still has room for improvement.Therefore,health services need to be especially concerned for the children in families with defective family structure to avoid harm to society and these families.更多还原