【摘要】 由于研究对象、目的、数据、方法等方面的不同,自然科学和社会科学的协同存在着非常大的困难,近20年来,气候变化、环境、生态、能源、粮食、资源、灾害、健康等跨学科交叉研究的兴起,为自然科学和社会科学协同带来了新的契机。为克服自然科学和社会科学协同的困难,首先要开展"以解决问题为导向"的研究,从项目初始就贯彻"协同设计、协同实施"的理念,将政府和社会作为全球变化与可持续性研究的服务对象。在研究对象的空间尺度协同上,通过自然科学的降尺度和社会科学的升尺度,在局域尺度上开展气候变化脆弱性与适应研究是实现自然科学和社会科学协同的基础。同时,正确理解和沟通科学的不确定性是自然科学和社会科学协同的重要环节,进行观测数据及调查资料的协同是未来自然科学和社会科学协同成功的关键。最后,对自然科学和社会科学协同中沟通和交流的鸿沟以及人才培养、重理轻文倾向、跨学科研究的评价标准等问题进行了思考和讨论。更多还原

【Abstract】 The transdisciplinary study between natural and social sciences is very challengeable because of theirdifferences inresearch subjects,objectives,data and methodology. In recent twenty years,the merging sustainability sciences in climate,environment,ecosystem,energy,food,resources and human health provide the new opportunity for integration between natural and social sciences. This paper focused on some methodologies on how to integrate these two types of sciences in sustainability science. Firstly the integrated study between natural and social sciences should be solution-oriented,and co-design,co-production with other stakeholders. Secondly,the integrated study should be balanced in top-down( natural) and bottom-up( social) approaches,focusing on the scientific issues at local level,which needs the efforts on social upscaling and natural downscaling by overcoming the uncertainties. To communicate the knowledge of uncertainties is one of the most important tasks for natural scientists when they try to work with social scientists and stakeholders. Last,we put some discussions on needs of experts in charge of communication in transdisciplinary study,the tendency of looking down social science in current global change and sustainability research,and the mismatching of current evaluating system to sustainability science.更多还原