【摘要】 品种改良与新品种推广是提高作物产量的重要途径。然而,在生产实践中,新品种能否被农民选用受制于许多因素。为明确中国北方春大豆区、黄淮海夏大豆区和南方多作大豆区农民采用大豆新品种的影响因素,国家大豆产业技术体系于2008-2010年,在上述三个大豆主产区共22个省份,对农民的受教育水平、务农时间长短、家庭人口数量等社会经济特征以及他们对大豆新品种性状的了解情况进行了调查。在此基础上,本文采用二元Logit模型分析了影响农民大豆品种选择的主要因素。结果显示:北方春大豆区、黄淮海夏大豆区和南方多作大豆区受访农户的新品种采用率分别是99.45%、93.40%和37.55%;在北方春大豆区和黄淮海夏大豆区,农民对改良品种的高产、稳产、抗倒和抗病性等特点的认可程度超过地方品种,而在南方地区,农民对地方品种的稳产、抗病、抗逆、加工品质、熟期、株高等品种特点认可度更高;在北方春大豆区,从事农业生产年限和非农劳动力数量是影响农民选择改良品种的主要因素,而在黄淮海夏大豆区和南方多作大豆区,除了农户的社会经济特征以及高产目标外,影响农民选择改良品种的主要因素分别是早熟和抗倒性。研究结果可为分区制定区域品种选育和推广策略,推动中国大豆生产发展提供依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 Variety improvement and new variety adoption play dominant roles in enhancing crop productivity. However,in practice,successful adoption of improved varieties is influenced by multiple factors. This study aimed to investigate farmers’ perception of soybean variety traits and identify factors determining farmers’ variety choices in the three main soybean production regions of China,namely the Northern Spring Soybean Region( NSSR),the Huang-Huai-Hai Rivers Valley Summer Soybean Region( HHHR),and the Southern Multiple-Cropping Soybean Region( SMSR). During 2008-2010,farmers from 22 provinces covering the three main soybean production regions were surveyed by National Soybean Industry R & D System to obtain data about their socioeconomic characteristics and perceptions of variety traits. A binary logit model was applied to identify the factors influencing farmers’ variety choices. The results indicated that high adoption rates of improved varieties of 99. 45%in NSSR and 93. 40% in HHHR,whereas that in SMSR was 37. 55%. In NSSR and HHHR,improved varieties outperformedlandraces with respect to all the surveyed traits,particularly high yield,yield stability,lodging resistance,and disease resistance. In SMSR,in contrast,the landraces were superior to improved varieties in yield stability,disease resistance,stress tolerance,processing quality,maturity group,and plant height. Empirical results showed that in NSSR farming experience and off-farm labor strongly influenced variety adoption. With the exception of household socioeconomic factors and the aim of high yield,early maturity in HHHR and lodging resistance in SMSR were the main factors influencing farmers’ variety choices.This study will assist the development of region-specific breeding and extension strategies and further advance of soybean production in China.更多还原