【摘要】 综合考虑不同运输方式的技术经济特性和外部成本效应,基于交通效能和环境效能,建立不同运输方式之间的效能价格比模型,不仅可以激励运输企业提高服务质量,而且可以纠正由于外部效应引起的市场失效,引导货主选择交通效能高,外部成本小的运输方式。以铁路和公路货运为例,分别采集并处理铁路和公路的各项效能指标数据,并根据对国计民生影响大小和对铁路运输依赖性强弱将铁路运输货物分为3类。利用模糊综合评价法确定各类货物各项效能指标的权重,利用效能价格比模型最后求得铁路和公路的合理比价关系为:第1类货物:0.455:1~0.549:1;第2类货物:0.525:1~0.624:1;第3类货物:0.617:1~0.729:1,为制定铁路货运政府指导价提供参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 Considering techno- economical features and external cost effects of different transportation modes,this paper established the reasonable price ratio model between different transportation modes based on traffic efficiency and environment efficiency. This model not only can inspire transportation enterprises to improve service quality,but also can correct market failure caused by external effects,guide the owner of freight choose transportation modes which have high transportation efficiency and low external cost. Sampling and processing efficiency indicators data of railway and highway. According to the influence of the national economy and people’s livelihood and the strength of dependency on railway transportation,goods can be divided into three categories. Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method was used to determine the weights of goods’ efficiency index. Finally,this paper obtained the reasonable price ratio relationship between railway and highway as: the first kind of goods: 0. 455:1 ~ 0. 549: 1; the second category of goods: 0. 525: 1 ~ 0. 624: 1; the third type of goods: 0. 617: 1 ~ 0. 729: 1.This price ratio relationship could provide reference for the government guidance price for railway freight transportation.更多还原