【摘要】 目前,关于双语效应根源的理论探讨主要从语言学、认知加工和社会文化三种视角展开。但无论是语言学上的特征比较还是认知控制分析,都不足以解释双语效应的根源所在;而社会文化视角下诸多环境因素与双语效应的内在联系到底如何,也有待进一步验证。就现有结论而言,多层面、系统性地将语言、认知、个体和社会等因素结合起来,从动态系统理论视角去考察、理解双语现象才可能较为全面地把握双语效应的实质。更多还原

【Abstract】 Bilingual researchers have proposed varied theories in linguistic,cognitive and social- cultural perspectives to account for the bilingual effect detected so far. Early studies favored a linguistic approach and adopted contrastive analysis in between the two languages involved to predict what features of a second language would be easier or difficult to learn. The cognitive approach tried to identify the cognitive processes and settled down with analysis- control framework,which claims that bilinguals outperform monolinguals in tasks that require control component. The social- cultural approach viewed bilingual context an important factor in language learning in addition to individual cognitive development. More and more research in the last two decades found theoretical explanation from one of the three perspectives insufficient for the mixed results in bilingual effect after individual factors were controlled for. Dynamic systems theory is then introduced to and supported by researchers of second language acquisition and multilingualism,which may shed some light on future bilingual studies.更多还原