【摘要】 在公民权问题研究上,T.H.马歇尔的思想具有重大影响。他强调公民身份的权利方面,将公民身份作为一个由民事、政治、社会三重要素构成的权利系统,在分析公民权历史演进后,论述了它对社会平等的影响。马歇尔指出,18世纪兴起的民事权利和19世纪兴起的政治权利是20世纪社会权利发展的前提,但社会权利是民事权利和政治权利得以落实的保证。继而,他认为,虽然民事权利和政治权利摧毁了以封建契约为基础的等级制,但对资本主义社会不平等的阶级结构产生直接影响的是社会权利。这一思想为英国乃至西方福利国家的社会立法提供了理论指导和合法化依据。随着福利国家危机的出现和全球化时代的到来,马歇尔的公民权思想引发了一些批判性反思。更多还原

【Abstract】 T.H.Marshll was an epoch-making thinker on the issue of citizenship,and had an important influence on it.He emphasized the aspects of rights,and treated citizenship as a right system including civil,political and social parts.After analyzing evolution of citizenship,he discussed them on social equality.T.H.Marshall argued that civil rights rising in 18 th centuries and political rights growing up in 19 th centuries are prerequisites for social rights in 20 th centuries,but social rights are guarantee for enforcement of civil and political rights.Furthermore,he thought civil and political rights ended the hierarchy based on feudalism contract,but it is social rights that decreased the status inequality in capitalism society.Marshall emphasized rights of citizenship,especially social rights and the effects on equality.These ideas supplied theory guidance and legitimate basis for social legislation in western welfare states.But with the crisis of welfare state occurred in the late 1970 s and globalization,some criticisms and suggestion to his thoughts on citizenship were put forward.更多还原