【摘要】 目的了解清华大学第一附属医院新生儿出生缺陷的发生、变化及转归情况。方法按照全国出生监测中心制定的监测方案,对该院2007年1月—2011年12月住院分娩的围生儿逐一筛查。结果该院共出生围生儿数7 616例,出生缺陷儿237例,平均出生缺陷发生率3.11%,出生缺陷儿死亡数28例,缺陷儿死亡率11.81%;围生儿死亡数86例,死亡率1.13%,前5位出生缺陷依次是先天性心脏病、外耳畸形、多指畸形、总唇裂(唇裂、腭裂、唇裂合并腭裂)、21-三体综合征,构成比分别为48.9%、11.0%、7.2%、5.1%以及4.3%。农村新生儿出生缺陷发生率为70.9%,明显高于城镇的29.1%;缺陷儿死亡率城镇为4.3%,农村为14.9%,2组比较,差异有统计学意义。结论出生缺陷的防治应以预防为主,广泛开展优生、优育健康教育,加强婚前保健、围生期保健,开展产前诊断和优生咨询,以降低出生缺陷发生率。更多还原

【Abstract】 [Objective]To understand the occurrence,change and prognosis of birth defects in the First Affiliated Hospital of Tsinghua University.[Methods]According to the monitoring plan developed by the national birth monitoring center,the perinatal infants who were born in this hospital from January 2007 to December 2011were screened.[Results]Among 7 616 perinatal infants in this hospital,there were 237 infants with birth defects,and the average incidence rate of birth defects was 3.11%.There were 28 death cases in infants with birth defects,with the mortality rate of 11.81%,while there were 86 death cases in perinatal infants,with the mortality rate of 1.13%.The top five birth defects were congenital heart disease,external ear malformations,polydactyly,total cleft lip(cleft lip,cleft palate,cleft lip complicated with cleft palate),and 21-trisomy syndrome,which the constituent ratio was48.9%,11.0%,7.2%,5.1% and 4.3%,respectively.The incidence rate of birth defects in rural infants was 70.9%,which was significantly higher than that in urban infants(29.1%).The mortality rate in rural and urban infants was 4.3% and 14.9%respectively,and the difference between two groups was significant.[Conclusion]The prevention and control of birth defects should focus on prevention.It is necessary to extensively carry out the health education of prepotency,strengthen the pre-marital health care and perinatal health care,and implement the prenatal diagnosis and eugenics consultation,to reduce the incidence of birth defects.更多还原