【摘要】 目的用观察法和问卷调查,分析建筑工人作业姿势与用力中的危险因素,尝试提出针对性的干预措施。方法抽取某建筑公司5个工种男性职工各5名,用视频Ovako作业姿势分析系统(VOWAS)分析其作业姿势和用力情况,用北欧标准肌肉骨骼症状问卷调查其工作有关肌肉骨骼疾患(WMSDs)患病率。比较各工种间危险性作业姿势和用力的比例,找出主要危险性作业姿势的VOWAS编码。结果 25位研究对象的颈、肩、背、腰、肘、腕/手、髋/大腿、膝、踝/脚WMSDs患病率分别为40.0%、64.0%、28.0%、52.0%、12.0%、32.0%、12.0%、24.0%和20.0%。砌匠的Ⅲ类姿势和Ⅳ类姿势分别为6.93%±0.21%和9.67%±0.13%,在各工种中均为最高。水管工、电工、清理工、砌匠的Ⅲ类姿势及Ⅳ类姿势百分率均显著高于对照组(P<0.01),他们的主要Ⅲ类姿势及Ⅳ类姿势编码为2343、2242、2243、4233以及4142、4162、4263、4351。结论建筑员工中WMSDs患病率较高,其中,水管工、电工、清理工、砌匠作业中存在较多的高危险性的Ⅲ类及Ⅳ类作业姿势,需要尽快有针对性地干预和纠正。更多还原

【Abstract】 [Objective]To analyze the risk factors in working postures and exertions of builders by using observation method and questionnaires,and try to put forward targeted interventions.[Methods]A total of 25 employees from 5 types of work were selected in the field study.The Video Ovako Working Posture Analysis System( VOWAS) and Nordic standardized musculoskeletal symptoms questionnaire were used for the analysis of working postures and exertions,WMSDs prevalence.By comparing of the risk working postures and exertions between types of work,the risk VOWAS codes were identified.[Results]The prevalence rates of WMSDs of 25 study objects in body segments,such as neck,shoulder,upper back,low back,elbow,wrist / hand,hip / thigh,knee,ankle / foot were 40.0%,64.0%,28.0%,52.0%,12.0%,32.0%,12.0%,24.0% and 20.0% respectively.The percent of action category Ⅲ and Ⅳ in bricklayer were 6.93% ± 0.21% and 9.67% ± 0.13% which was the highest in all types of work groups.Comparing with control group,the percent of action category Ⅲ and Ⅳ in pipe worker,electrician,cleaner and bricklayer were higher significantly( P < 0.01),their action category code were 2343,2242,2243,4233 and 4142,4162,4263,4351.[Conclusion]The prevalence of WMSDs in construction employees is higher and the risk working postures and exertions,such as action category Ⅲ and Ⅳ,highly existed in pipe worker,electrician,cleaner and bricklayer,should be interfered and corrected as soon as possible.更多还原