【摘要】 目的:探讨成人注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)患者的工作记忆特点。方法:选取49例符合美国精神障碍诊断与统计手册第4版(DSM-IV)诊断标准的ADHD成人,以及44名性别、年龄、总智商相匹配的正常对照,进行不同任务负荷n-back任务,比较两组人群反应时(RT)、正确率和个体内反应时标准差(ISD)。结果:成人ADHD患者及正常对照被试在完成3种n-back任务时,其反应时和个体内反应时标准差均随工作记忆负荷增加而增大(P<0.01),而正确率随工作记忆负荷增加而减小,呈现等级变化规律;两组比较,在完成中等工作记忆负荷的1-back任务时,ADHD成人患者的反应时明显长于正常成人[(501.5±97.1)ms vs.(461.7±74.7)ms,P<0.05],且其变异性也大于对照组[(164.5±43.9)ms vs.(145.4±45.2)ms,P<0.05]。但两组在完成3个任务的正确率上未见统计学差异。结论:ADHD成人患者可能存在语言工作记忆能力损害,在中等记忆负荷任务上受损最严重,反应慢且其注意力波动大,这可能与其工作记忆容量下降整体输出不足及注意力维持能力差有关。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective:To explore the characteristics of working memory( WM) in adult patients with attention-deficit / hyperactivity disorder( ADHD) by studying their verbal w orking memory output under n-back tasks( n = 0,1,2). Methods: Totally 49 adults with ADHD w ho met the Diagnostic and Statistical M anual of M ental Disorders,Fourth Edition( DSM-IV) and 44 healthy controls matched with IQ,gender and age w ere selected. The reaction time( RT),accuracy rate and the intra-individual standard deviation( ISD) of RT betw een these tw o groups w ere compared under n-back tasks of different load levels. Results: A load level dependence effect, from 0 to 2 w orking memory load,w as found during the three n-back tasks among adult ADHD and healthy normal groups,in w hich the RT and ISD of RT increased with the w orking memory load level( P < 0. 01),w hile the accuracy rate show ed an opposite trend. For 1-back task corresponding to the medium w orking memory load level,reaction time w as longer in adult ADHD patients than in the normal controls[( 501. 5 ± 97. 1) vs.( 461. 7 ± 74. 7),P < 0. 05],and the intra-individual standard deviation in adult ADHD patients w as larger than that in the normal controls[( 164. 5 ± 43. 9) vs.( 145. 4 ± 45. 2),P < 0. 05]. How ever for the accuracy rate of the total three n-back tasks,there w as no significant difference betw een the tw o groups. Conclusion: There may be damage on verbal w orking memory capacity of adults ADHD patients, show ing a behavior of low reaction capability and apparent fluctuation of attention. This poor performance is especially obvious under medium w orking memory task of load level,w hich may be associated with an insufficient output of verbal w orking memory caused by decrease of verbal w orking memory capacity.更多还原