【摘要】 为明确欧洲葵螟Homoeosoma nebulellum Denis et Schiffermüller寄主选择的物理机制,通过对14个向日葵品种(系)筒状小花及瘦果的形态指标观察,采用籽粒被害虫情指数进行田间寄主选择性试验,研究了向日葵的形态性状和欧洲葵螟寄主选择的关系。欧洲葵螟对不同向日葵品种(系)具有明显的选择性,且对食葵品种(系)的选择性均显著高于油葵品种(系)。食葵瘦果多为中长或长形(≥1.5cm),油葵瘦果则属于短或特短形(<1.5 cm)。向日葵各形态指标在不同品种(系)间均存在极显著差异,食葵的花盘直径、筒状小花开口、子房壁厚度、瘦果果壁厚度、瘦果果壁茸毛密度均大于油葵,且各指标与籽粒被害虫情指数之间、各指标互相之间也均呈显著正相关关系。表明选育较小花盘的向日葵品种(系)可减少葵螟对向日葵的为害。更多还原

【Abstract】 To explore the physical mechanism of host plant selection of the European sunflower moth Homoeosoma nebulellum Denis et Schiffermüller( Lepidoptera: Pyralidae),the relationship between morphological structure of tubular florets and achene of sunflower and host plant selection of European sunflower moth was studied in the laboratory combined with evaluation of host plant selection of the European sunflower moth to 14 different sunflower varieties in fields. The moth showed significant selection for different sunflower varieties,and preferred the edible sunflower varieties to oil sunflower ones. The pericarps of edible sunflower varieties were more likely long or mid-long in shape( ≥1. 5 cm),whereas the pericarps of oil sunflowers were short in shape( < 1. 5 cm). There were significant differences in morphological structure among different varieties of sunflowers; the diameter of head,opening size of tubular floret,thickness of the ovary wall of floret,thickness of the pericarp and density of pericarp pubescence of edible sunflower varieties were all higher than those of oil sunflowers. Each morphological criterion was significantly positively correlated with infestation index of seeds,and all criteria had significantly positive correlation with each other. These results suggest that the sunflowervarieties with relatively small size of head should be helpful to reduce the damage of European sunflower moth to sunflowers.更多还原