【摘要】 目的探讨儿童注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)不同亚型被动内隐视觉空间注意特点。方法选取2012年4月至2012年12月北京大学精神卫生研究所门诊就诊符合《美国精神障碍诊断与统计手册》第4版(DSM-IV)诊断标准的注意缺陷为主型ADHD(ADHD-I型)患儿27例,混合型ADHD(ADHD-C型)22例,以及性别、年龄与之匹配的正常儿童(正常对照组)18名,采用pop-out视觉搜索任务比较3组完成被动内隐视觉空间注意的反应时(RT)、个体内反应时标准差(ISD)及各类错误率。结果 (1)左、右视野RT:ADHD-C型[(611.8±133.3)ms、(597.7±122.8)ms]ADHD-I型[(633.6±124.5)ms、(619.2±119.4)ms]和正常对照组[(635.5±131.1)ms、(626.6±138.4)ms],对左视野目标RT均慢于右视野(P<0.05),但3组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。(2)左、右视野ISD:ADHD-C型[(187.0±45.5)ms、(189.7±47.6)ms,P<0.05]和ADHD-I型[(167.9±54.0)ms、(179.3±57.0)ms,P<0.05]左、右视野ISD均明显大于正常对照组[(137.3±39.1)ms、(136.6±38.3)ms,P<0.05]。(3)左、右视野预期错误率:ADHD-C型左、右视野预期错误率[(1.1±1.2)%、(1.6±1.8)%]高于正常对照组[(0.5±1.2)%、(0.3±0.9)%,P<0.05];左视野3组间预期错误率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。(4)左、右视野错误率:右侧视野ADHD-C型错误率显著大于正常对照组[(6.9±6.6)%、(2.9±4.1)%,P<0.05];左侧视野,3组间错误率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论无论ADHD-I型还是ADHD-C型儿童被动内隐视觉空间注意波动水平均大于正常对照儿童,注意力维持能力差,且ADHD-C型儿童抑制缺陷重于ADHD-I型儿童。更多还原

【Abstract】 ObjectiveTo investigate the characteristics of covert reflexive visual spatial attention in children with two subtypes of ADHD.MethodsTotally 27 ADHD-Predominantly Inattention children(ADHD-I),22 ADHD-Combined Type(ADHD-C)meeting the criteria of DSM-Ⅳ and 18 age-gender- matched normal children were recruited.They performed the Pop-Out visual search task to compare reaction times(RT),intra-individual standard deviation of RT(ISD)and percentage error rates.Results(1)The ANOVA on RT revealed: ADHD-C[(611.8±133.3)ms vs.(597.7±122.8)ms], ADHD-I[(633.6±124.5)ms vs.(619.2±119.4)ms]and normal children[(635.5±131.1)ms vs.(626.6±138.4)ms], all responded more slowly to left visual field(LVF)target than to right visual field(RVF)target,whereas no differences were found among the three groups.(2)The RT was more variable in ADHD-C[(187.0 ± 45.5)ms vs.(189.7 ± 47.6)ms,P= 0.001] and ADHD-I[(167.9 ± 54.0)ms vs.(179.3 ± 57.0)ms,P= 0.014]children than in normal children.(3)When attending to RVF target,ADHD-C children performed badly compared to normal children(P= 0.004)and had the tendency to made more anticipation errors than ADHD-I(P= 0.050). No differences were found in comission error rate.(4)The differences of commission error rate in LVF target were not found among the three groups,whereas ADHD-C children made more commission errors than normal children in RVFtarget[(6.9±6.6)% vs.(2.9±4.1)%,P= 0.020].Conclusion When completing covert reflexive visual spatial attention task,the attention fluctuation significantly increases in ADHD-I and ADHD-C children,and ADHD-C children suffer more problems of inhibition relative to ADHD-I group.更多还原