【目的】提高土壤碳固持,特别是增加有机碳累积、减少碳损失,对于提高旱地土壤肥力、缓解大气温室效应具有重要意义。黄土高原旱地土壤有机碳含量低,增施氮肥是这一地区重要的作物增产措施,但氮肥投入对土壤碳的影响如何,一直没有报道。【方法】利用黄土高原旱地持续23年的长期定位试验,在每年施磷39 kg P2O5·hm-2条件下,设置0、45、90、135、180 kg N·hm-2 5个氮水平种植冬小麦,在小麦收获期采集0—40 cm不同土层的土壤样品,研究长期施用不同用量的氮肥对旱地土壤总碳、有机碳、轻质有机碳及无机碳的影响,分析不同氮肥用量引起的土壤有机碳、轻质有机碳及无机碳累积量的变化,定量分析氮肥用量对旱地土壤不同形态碳的影响。【结果】随氮肥用量增加,旱地土壤不同土层总碳无显著变化,但0—30 cm土层有机碳含量却随之增加,与不施氮肥相比,增幅可达7%—28%;0—40 cm土层轻质有机碳含量也增加,增幅达31%—106%,但施氮量过高不利于有机碳累积。对不同形态土壤碳累积量与氮肥用量的回归分析表明,施氮量120 kg N·hm-2时,0—30 cm土层有机碳累积量达最高值36.6 Mg;施氮量161 kg N...
【英文摘要】
【Objective】 Increased organic carbon(C) sequestration, especially the accumulation of organic C in soil, and decreased carbon losses from soil are of great importance for improving the dryland soil fertility and mitigating the greenhouse effect. Soils in the Loess Plateau areas are known typically lower in contents of organic C, and increasing application of nitrogen(N) fertilizer is proved to be the important tactical measure to increase crop yields, but information about how the N fertilizer input can aff...