【摘要】 针对关中及同类麦区普遍存在的冷热旱害、病害、倒伏、穗发芽等突出问题及大众消费需求,开展了高产多抗优质小麦新品种选育研究。以太谷核不育小麦种质为遗传背景,采用轮回复交技术,轮回选择与系统选育相结合,在基因累加和性状聚合上采用不同的优先序,实施多性状聚合并缩短育种进程。结果表明:育成的小麦品种‘陕512’,具有以下突出特点:(1)高产稳产:陕西省区试连续3年产量名列前茅,生产上多次涌现9750 kg/hm2以上的田块。(2)综合抗性好,适应性广:冬春抗旱,抗干热风,抗穗发芽,对白粉病等病害有足够的抗性,茎秆粗壮抗倒,叶功能好,籽粒灌浆充分,粒大饱满。(3)品质优良:商品性优异,蒸煮品质好。‘陕512’在育种技术创新方面,一是完善了小麦蛋白质组成SDS-PAGE和APAGE测试技术、辩读与评价方法,发现并运用了HMWGS 14+15的优质效应;二是创新了利用太谷核不育进行性状聚合的杂交策略和选育技术,创造了从组合配置到省级审定仅用7年的小麦高效育种纪录;三是解决了大穗大粒品种难以高产、高产不优质、优质与抗病抗逆性难以结合的技术难题。更多还原

【Abstract】 For the outstanding problems of drought, hot, cold, diseases harm and lodging, sprouting et al in thewheat production and consumption needs in Guanzhong region, the new variety with high-yield, multi-anti,high-quality needs to be developed. Using Taigu genetic male-sterile wheat as genetic background, through acombination of complex crosses, recurrent selection and pedigree selection, by means of different priorities inthe genes′ accumulation and traits′ selection, several excellent traits′ aggregation are to be created and thebreeding process is to be shorten. The results showed that the bred cultivar‘Shaan512’had some excellentcharacters as follows:(1) high and stable yielding, its yields came out top in the regional tests of ShaanxiProvince for 3 years and exceeded 9750 kg/hm2 for many times in the demonstration fields;(2) the new cultivarhad more comprehensive resistances and wide range of adaptability, such as enough resistances or tolerances todrought, hot, cold harm and powdery disease, lodging, dry-hot wind and pre-harvest sprouting, longer leaffunctional period and fully filling;(3) the new cultivar demonstrated fine appearance quality and cookingquality like big-kernel, excellent commodity of appearance, strong gluten, fine palatability. In the technicalinnovation of the‘Shaan512’breeding strategy:(1) the SDS-PAGE and A-PAGE sequences were perfected,read and evaluated, the positive effect of HMW-GS 14+15 were found and applied;(2) the cross-making meth-ods and selection techniques in character aggregation by Taigu genetic male-sterile wheat were innovated, theshorter breeding record of 7 years from combination-making to variety certified were created;(3) the technicalproblems that high-yield and high-quality were difficultly united with multi-resistances in the large-spike,big-kernel variety were resolved to certain degree.更多还原