【摘要】 目的总结分析2003-2012年内蒙古长爪沙鼠鼠疫疫源地内蚤类的监测结果,为分析该疫源地动物鼠疫流行特点及有效地开展鼠疫防治工作提供可靠的基础数据。方法在内蒙古24个长爪沙鼠鼠疫疫源地内以旗(县)为单位开展监测,按不同生境分层进行抽样,将捕获的各种鼠类体外寄生蚤全部在低倍镜下进行不透明标本分类鉴定,用探蚤棒对长爪沙鼠洞干进行蚤类采集和鉴定,挖掘代表性的鼠巢收集蚤类;对获取的蚤类,按照《鼠疫自然疫源地及动物鼠疫流行判定标准》(GB 16883-1997和GB 16883-1997附录B),采用鼠疫细菌学培养方法进行检验。应用Excel 2003软件分别对蚤种类、数量及其感染鼠疫情况按不同年代进行统计,采用描述性流行病学方法进行分析。结果 2003-2012年在内蒙古长爪沙鼠鼠疫疫源地共获蚤类3总科5科14属37种(亚种)82 410匹,各年度获蚤种类波动在26~32种之间,各年度蚤数量波动在6375~9891匹之间,平均每年捕获8241匹。共从14种(亚种)930匹蚤类中检出鼠疫菌;各年度从蚤类中检出鼠疫菌的种类波动在0~9种之间;各年度检出鼠疫菌的蚤数量波动在0~278匹之间,平均每年为93匹。在该疫源地首次发现短距狭蚤。结论由于近年来该疫源地区生态环境受到自然和社会多方面因素的影响,导致该地区寄生蚤种类、数量及染疫情况也出现一些新的特点,作为传播鼠疫的媒介蚤类,今后应进一步对其加强监测和开展防控工作。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To summarize and analyze the monitoring results of fleas in the plague natural foci of Meriones unguiculatus in Inner Mongolia, China from 2003 to 2012 and to provide reliable baseline data for analysis of the epidemiccharacteristics of enzootic plague in the natural foci and effective prevention and control of plague.MethodsSurveillance wascarried out in the 24 plague natural foci(banners or counties) of M. unguiculatus in Inner Mongolia, and stratified sampling wasperformed in different habitats. The opaque specimens of all ectoparasite fleas on captured rodents were classified under a low-magnification microscope. Fleas were collected from the burrow tracks of M. unguiculatus using sticks and then identified, andfleas were also collected from representative rodent holes. According to the criteria for determinating plague natural foci andplague epizootics(GB 16883-1997 and GB 16883-1997 Appendix B), the fleas were tested by culture of plague bacteria. Thespecies, number, and infection of fleas in different years were recorded using Excel 2003 and analyzed by descriptiveepidemiology.ResultsFrom 2003 to 2012, a total of 82 410 fleas, which belonged to 37 species(subspecies), 14 genera, 5families, and 3 superfamilies, were collected in the plague natural foci of M. unguiculatus in Inner Mongolia. The annual numberof flea species fluctuated between 26 and 32, and the annual number of fleas fluctuated between 6375 and 9891(mean 8241).Plague bacteria were isolated from 930 fleas, which belonged to 14 species(subspecies). The annual number of species of plaguebacteria isolated from fleas fluctuated between 0 and 9(mean 3.3). The annual number of fleas from which plague bacteria wereisolated fluctuated between 0 and 278(mean 93). Stenoponia formozovi was found for the first time in the foci.ConclusionBecause the ecological environment of plague natural foci has been affected by natural and social factors in recent years, thenumber, species, and infection of fleas show some new characteristics. We should strengthen the monitoring and control of thefleas as a vector in the transmission of plague.更多还原