【摘要】 利用高通量测序技术对中国茶树品种龙井43"叶绿体基因组的全序列进行测定,拼接补洞后再利用Sanger测序法对序列进行验证,最终得到龙井43"叶绿体基因组全序列(GenBank登录号:KF562708.1).该基因组大小为157 085bp,其中大单拷贝区的长度为86 642bp,小单拷贝区的长度为18 283bp,反向重复区的长度为26 080bp,共注释叶绿体基因134个.与韩国茶树品种叶绿体基因组序列比对,在编码区发现15个基因发生了非同义突变,在非编码区有100多个多态性位点,这些突变可作为茶树品种鉴定的DNA标记.同时,选取12个中国茶树品种,对其叶绿体基因组上的特异性片段(ycf1,psbA-trnH,psbK-psbI-psbI)进行测序比对并构建系统进化树.结果表明:12个茶树品种在进化树上分为2个亚群,其中凌云白毛茶"单独形成一支,其他11个品种形成一支;而11个品种中,龙井瓜子"龙井长叶"龙井圆叶"中茶102"形成一支,自展支持率为100%.表明利用叶绿体基因片段可有效区分茶树品种间的亲缘关系.更多还原

【Abstract】 Camellia sinensis cv.Longjing 43 is a domestic variety of tea species and an important economic crop in China.In this study,we developed a rapid method to get the chloroplast(cp)genome and sequenced the entire cp genome sequence of C.sinensis cv.Longjing 43.The C.sinensis cv.Longjing 43 cp genome was157 085 bp in length,which contained a large single-copy(LSC,86 642bp)region,a small single-copy(SSC,18 283bp)region,and two inverted repeat(IR,each with a size of 26 080bp)regions.With the cp genome of Korean C.sinensis cultivar as a reference,134 chloroplast genes were successfully annotated.There were 15 genes with non-synonymous mutations in the coding region and more than 100 polymorphic sites in the non-coding region,which could be the DNA markers for the determination of different C.sinensis varieties.We also investigated the relationship of 12 C.sinensis varieties in China based on several cp genomic regions,which contain many variant sites.The result showed that these varieties were divided into two groups with Lingyunbaimaocha in one group and the other 11 in another group.Among the other 11 varieties,the Longjingchangye,Longjingyuanye,Longjingguazi,and Zhongcha 102 had a closer relationship and were formed into one cluster with 100% support rate,demonstrating the reliability of the method that used the cp genome sequences to investigate the genetic relationships.更多还原