Plasmodiumhas a complex structure and consists of numerous proteins.Vaccines have been developed based on the characteristics of each protein,but their use is limited.This paper focuses on the structure and function of Plasmodium falciparumerythrocyte membrane protein 1(PfEMP1),Plasmodium falciparum multidrug resistance protein 1(PfMRP1),and Plasmodium falciparum histidine rich protein 1(HPR-Ⅰ)and this paper summarizes the current state of their use as potential vaccine antigens,immunodiagnostic antigens,or...