【摘要】 目的了解某铅酸蓄电池生产企业多年来频发职业性铅中毒的原因,探讨有效措施降低铅中毒的发病率。方法对某铅酸蓄电池生产企业进行职业病危害因素检测,对通风设施进行评价与改造。结果该企业原作业场所铅监测点的超标率为62.9%,最高点超标207倍;工种的超标率为64.6%,最高超标139倍;通风不良的排风口占72.0%,主要是通风管道堵塞或破损,造成控制风速不达标。对原有通风设施进行重新疏通,更换排铅烟管道,更新铅尘除尘器的过滤袋。改造后作业场所铅监测点的超标率下降为13.2%,最高浓度超标5倍。企业铅中毒新发病例数由每年17例下降为每年3例。结论该企业由于通风系统维护不当造成作业场所空气中铅浓度严重超标,导致铅中毒发病率较高,对通风系统改造后,作业场所铅浓度明显改善,铅中毒患者减少。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To identify the reasons for frequent occupational lead poisoning for years in a lead-acid battery manufacturer,and explore effective strategies to reduce the incidence of lead poisoning.Methods The occupational hazards lead of workplace in this manufacturer were tested by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry.The ventilation facilities were evaluated and reformed.Results The lead exceeding standard rate was 62.9% in monitoring sites and the highest point exceeded 207 times; the exceeding standard rate of the permissible concentration-time weighted average of workers was 64.6% and the highest exceeded 139 times; poor ventilation vents accounted for 72.0%,primarily due to the ventilation duct blockage or breakage,which resulted in non-compliance control wind.After dredging the old ventilation facilities,replacing the Lead smoke pipe,and updating the lead dust precipitator filter bags,the lead exceeding standard rate in monitoring sites decreased to 13.2% and the highest concentration in excess of five times.The annual number of new cases of lead poisoning decreased from seventeen to three.Conclusion Improper maintenance of the ventilation systems results in a high lead concentration at workplace and a high incidence of lead poisoning.Reforming the ventilation system can significantly improve the concentration of lead at workplace and decrease the number of lead poisoning patients.更多还原