【摘要】 通过比较竞技水平及不同位置排球运动员有氧、无氧能力的差异,探讨优秀女子大学生排球运动员有氧、无氧能力特征与规律,为运动员赛前身体机能评定及训练安排提供理论与实践依据。以参加全国女子大学生排球联赛的32名优秀运动员为测试对象,利用跑台和功率自行车等仪器,对受试者进行有氧递增负荷和30s最大极限负荷运动。在测试过程中,分别记录运动员有氧能力相关气体、功率和血乳酸指标及无氧能力相关功率和血乳酸指标等,并对运动员各阶段生理、生化指标动态变化规律进行分析和总结。结果显示,优秀女子大学生排球运动员整体有氧、无氧能力与其他耐力、爆发性运动项目的优秀大学生运动员存在一定差距;随着竞技能力、竞技水平、竞技成绩的不断提高,排球运动员有氧、无氧能力表现出较高水平;通过有氧递增负荷运动过程中运动员VO2max、HR、BLA、Pmax、无氧乳酸阈等指标动态变化规律,显示不同位置排球运动员心肺能力、负荷强度、耐乳酸能力等存在显著差异;通过最大极限负荷运动过程中运动员PP、AP、PD、BLA等动态变化规律,显示不同位置排球运动员绝对力量、力量耐力、速度耐力等存在显著差异。结论:优秀女子大学生排球运动员有氧、无氧能力存在位置特征,有氧能力特征大致表现为:副攻>二传>接应>主攻>自由人运动员;无氧能力特征大致表现为:1)无氧磷酸原供能特征为:副攻>自由人>主攻>接应>二传运动员;2)无氧乳酸供能特征为:主攻>接应>二传>副攻>自由人。研究提示:排球运动员训练时应该遵循自身专项位置特征,制定符合专项能力的生物能量训练方案和计划,另外,女子大学生排球运动员在训练时应加强对主攻运动员能力的培养,在制定战术体系时主攻运动员应多参与战术配合。更多还原

【Abstract】 This paper probes into the characteristics and regularities of aerobic and anaerobic capabilities of female college student volleyball players by comparing the differences in terms of competitive levels as well as aerobic and anaerobic capabilities of athletes in different positions and provides the theoretical and practical basis for evaluating the pre-competition physical conditions of athletes and arranging the training.32excellent female college student athletes participating in the National University Female Student Volleyball League are taken as testing objects,and these subjects will go through aerobic incremental load exercise and the maximum peak load exercise on treadmills and cycle ergometers.During the test,aerobic-capability relative gases,rates of work and blood lactic acid indicators as well as anaerobic-capability rates of work and blood lactic acid indicators are recorded respectively.At last,detailed analysis and summary have been made in terms of the dynamic variation rule of physical and biochemical indexes among athletes in each phase.The results have shown that there is a certain gap between the overall aerobic and anaerobic capability of excellent female college volleyball players and that of college athletes engaged in endurance exercise and explosive movement,with a higher level presented by the former.In the aerobic incremental load exercise,the dynamic variation rule of VO2 max,HR,BLA,Pmax and AT indicates dramatic differences as to heart and lung capacity,load intensity and lactic acid resistance of players under different loads;In the maximum peak load exercise,the dynamic variation rule of PP,AP,PD and BLA indicates dramatic differences as to the absolute strength,power endurance and speed endurance of athletes under different loads.Conclusions The aerobic and anaerobic capability of our female volleyball players is position-featured.The general characteristics of aerobic capability are shown as follows: middle hitters>setters>opposites>outside hitters>the libero;while in terms of that of anaerobic capability,energy supply is done by anaerobic phosphoric acid and anaerobic lactic acid, 1)for the former,middle hitters>the libero>outside hitters>opposites>setters;2)for the latter,outside hitters>opposites>setters>middle hitters>the libero.Hint During the training,volleyball players should follow their own special position features and make out the biological energy training program in accordance with special field skill.In addition,for female volleyball players,the capability of outside hitters ought to be strengthened;with regard to the design of tactics system,outside hitters should involve more efforts in tactics coordination.更多还原