【摘要】 为预防尾矿库溃坝事故的发生,在对国内外160起尾矿库事故统计分析的基础上,基于鱼刺图分析方法,研究溃坝路径及其成因,并提出相应的预防和控制措施。结果表明:渗透破坏、洪水漫顶、浸润线过高、坝坡过陡、坝体上升速度过快、地震液化是溃坝事故的主要类型;溃坝的发生、发展,是勘察和设计不当、施工不良、管理不善、应急不当等问题依次出现和相互关联的结果;防止溃坝的形成要包括精心设计、精心施工、科学管理和推广先进适用技术等环节,要采取合理的措施治理浸润线过高、管涌、裂缝、滑坡、地震液化、超标洪水和排洪构筑物损坏等7种险情。预防溃坝灾害,应遵循溃坝路径断环的理念,严格做好勘察、设计和施工各环节,及早切断事故源头。更多还原

【Abstract】 To effectively prevent tailings dam failure,based on statistical analysis of domestic and foreign160 tailings pond accidents,paths and causes of tailings dam failure were investigated applying cause and effect diagram,and related preventing measures were presented. The results show that typical tailings dam failure modes are seepage failure,dam overtopping,over rising phreatic line of dam,steep slope of dam,too fast rise of subsequent dikes and seismic liquefaction,that occurrence and development of dam failure are result of inconsiderately proving and designing,badly constructing,improperly managing and running,and improper treatment,which appear in order and influence each other. Preventive measures,including elaborative design,careful construction,scientific management and promotion of advanced applied technologies,should be implemented throughout tailings pond managing and running,that seven types of dangerous condition,such as over rising phreatic line of dam,piping,crack,landslide,seismic liquefaction,over-level flood and damage of flood drainage structure,should be well dealt with,and that prevention of dam failure disaster should follow concept of chain-cutting,especially,controlling disaster source during early nurturing stage.更多还原