【摘要】 2013年8月,在北京动物园马来貘馆,采用瞬时扫描取样法、焦点动物取样法和全事件取样法,对5只马来貘的行为和室外运动场空间的选择利用进行了研究。结果表明,马来貘在室外运动场主要使用草地、土地、深水水池和水泥地,较少使用浅水地面,回避乱石地;运动型刻板行为多发生在门口或角落处的水泥地面上。为躲避游人干扰和日光暴晒,马来貘对室内的利用强度显著高于室外(P=0.011)。马来貘在室外运动场将较多的时间用于卧息、游泳和走动,其次是站立、刻板行为和采食,仅将很少的时间用于其他行为(包括饮水、排便、嗅闻、惊跳、跑动、张望、发声等)。根据此次研究和评估结果,建议改造室外运动场基底和围栏;设置深水游泳池、足够的树荫;动物轮换展出;改进饲喂方式,减少口部刻板行为和齿槽感染的发生。更多还原

【Abstract】 The use of an outdoor enclosure and behaviors of 5 Malayan tapirs(Tapirus indicus) at Beijing Zoo were studied by means of instantaneous scan sampling,focal animal sampling and all- occurrence recording methods in August 2013.Malayan tapirs were more likely to use grassland,bare soil,deep-water pool and concrete surfaces than shallow water,and tapirs avoided stony ground.Locomotion stereotypies occurred mainly on concrete pavements at doorways and corners.Malayan tapirs showed significant preference for indoor enclosure over outdoor enclosure(P=0.011) in order to avoid tourist disturbance and the summer sun.Malayan tapirs spent most of their time resting,swimming and walking,a lower percentage of their time standing,in stereotypic behavior and feeding,the least amount of time in "Other" behaviors(including drinking,defecating,urinating,sniffing,jumping,running,looking around and vocalizing).We suggest that the substrata and barriers should be modified to meet the requirements and preferences of Malayan tapirs.The depth of the water pool should be more than 1.2 m,so Malayan tapirs can swim and walk in the water.Shade of large trees and creepers is needed to provide shelter from the hot sun.Malayan tapirs should be exhibited in the outdoor enclosure in turn,so they can rest periodically in the indoor enclosure.Feeding patterns need to be modified to reduce oral stereotypies and infection in the dental socket.更多还原