【摘要】 本文对英美科学哲学中的以南茜·卡特赖特为代表的史坦福学派新经验主义提出批评、剖析和讨论,认为南茜否定基本物理定律的普遍性的观点以及她的"斑杂破碎的世界"是对一般科学方法论和系统科学方法论的一种d颠覆性的论证。清华大学吴彤教授根据新经验主义提出的《破碎的系统观》是我国系统哲学的一种新见解,也是很有启发性和颠覆性的,无论你赞成还是反对,都值得我们认真研究和讨论。本文认为系统科学的发展实际上已经正面解决了"南茜的质疑"。系统科学哲学研究的关键问题在于采取跨学科研究方法,具体地研究不同类型的系统。当今的主攻方向是要研究复杂系统的普遍规律及其突现行为,并用于解决我国开放改革遇到的各种全局性和局域性问题。世界是有系统的和有规律性的而不是斑杂破碎和无规的。更多还原

【Abstract】 The paper discusses New Empiricism in scientific philosophy of Standford School which was expressed by Nancy Cartwright in her series of works. The paper points out that Nancy Cartwright denied the universality view of foundational physical laws,who may lead some philosophers of science and philosophers of systems astray. According to New Empiricism,professor Wu Tong raises"View of Fracted Systems"which is a new opinion different from the traditional theory of general systems and it is worth to be discussed. The paper disagrees with the "Fracted System"and believes the development of systems sciences that has been resolved the" Nancy oppugnation"of general systems in their own way. According to Complex Science,it shows that the world and the disciplines are systematic and regular,not fracted and dappled.更多还原