【摘要】 背景:软骨组织工程支架作为软骨细胞外基质的替代物,其外形和孔结构对实现其作用和功能具有非常重要的意义。目的:回顾目前若干种常用软骨组织工程中三维多孔支架的制备方法。方法:由第一作者检索2000至2013年PubMed数据库,ELSEVIER SCIENCEDIRECT、万方数据库、中国知网数据库。英文检索词为"Cartilage tissue engineering;scaffolds;fabrication",中文检索词为"软骨组织工程;制备方法;支架材料;多孔支架"。结果与结论:制备软骨组织工程支架的方法有相分离/冷冻干燥法、水凝胶技术、快速成型技术、静电纺丝法、溶剂浇铸/粒子沥滤法及气体发泡法等。目前研究发现,支架中孔径的大小对组织的重建有着直接的影响,孔径为100-250μm的孔有益于骨及软骨组织的再生。通过溶液浇铸/粒子沥滤法、气体发泡法所制备的支架孔径大小在这一范围内,因此比较适合用于骨、软骨组织工程支架的构建。研究人员通常将多种方法结合起来,以期能制备出生物和力学性能方面更加仿生的组织工程多孔支架。更多还原

【Abstract】 BACKGROUND: Cartilage tissue engineering scaffold is a substitution for extracellular matrix, and there is a great significance on the shape and pore structure of the scaffold. OBJECTIVE: To retrospectively focus on the fabrication technology of three-dimensional porous cartilage tissue engineering scaffolds. METHODS: The first author searched PubMed, ELSEVIER SCIENCEDIRECT, Wanfang and CNKI databases(2000/2013) to retrieve relevant articles about the fabrication technology tissue-engineered cartilage scaffolds. The key words were "cartilage tissue engineering; scaffolds; fabrication" in English and Chinese, respectively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The fabrication technologies of three-dimensional porous cartilage tissue engineering scaffolds are as follows: Phase separation/freeze-drying, hydrogels, rapid prototyping manufacturing, electrospinning, solvent casting/particulate leaching, gas foaming. The current cartilage studies have demonstrated that the pore size has a significance on the regeneration of the cartilage tissue, the pore size ranging from 100-250 μm allows for the regeneration of bone and cartilage tissue. The scaffold fabricated by thesolvent casting/particulate leaching and gas foaming technology at a pore size of 100-250 μm is suitable for the bone and cartilage tissue regeneration. To obtain the adequate biological and mechanical properties, researchers usually combine a variety of methods to fabricate the cartilage tissue engineering scaffolds.更多还原