Objective Investigated 2180 rural residents in three counties in Jinan, in order to study the situation of health services benefit and their medical expense burden of low-income farmers under the protection of NCMS. Methods Divided the rural residents into 5 groups according to their income from high to low. Measured health requirement, utilization and medical expense and compensation by concentration index, incidence rate of catastrophic health expenditure and catastrophic health expenditure gap to low-inc...