【摘要】 珊瑚恢复是一个协助退化、受损的珊瑚礁生态系统恢复的过程.近10 a来,西沙珊瑚礁生态系统不断退化,至2009年珊瑚覆盖率已下降至不足10%.针对西沙群岛珊瑚礁生态系统的退化状况,2011年12月于西沙赵述岛海域投放人工礁基并开展珊瑚移植实验,比较了人工修复区和自然恢复区1a后的修复效果.结果显示,投放礁基且进行珊瑚移植的区域,移植珊瑚的存活率不到10%;投放礁基但未进行珊瑚移植的区域,珊瑚补充量高达6~7 ind/m2;自然恢复区其珊瑚覆盖率提高了19.4%.依据珊瑚礁生态修复效果评估方法,人工修复且进行移植珊瑚的区域的生物修复权重值为27.5,人工修复但未移植珊瑚区及自然恢复区的生物修复权重值为39.3,珊瑚修复生物指标为亚健康.我们的结果表明,在健康、有良好珊瑚幼虫补充的珊瑚礁生态系统中,珊瑚礁群落可以自行恢复,其恢复只是一个时间的问题;而在缺少珊瑚幼虫附着基底的区域,通过人为增加一些附着基底,可加速其恢复进程.更多还原

【Abstract】 Coral restoration is a process of recovering degraded or impaired coral reefs used an ecosystem approach.In the last decade,the coral reefs ecosystems have continuously degraded in Xisha Islands,the coverage rates decreased from 65% in 2006 to less than 10% in 2009. Actions were taken to restore the degrading coral reef ecosystem in Xisha Islands,including building artificial reefs and transplantation of live corals in 2011,and the results of restoration are compared after one year. Results show that the survival rate of the transplanted corals was less than10% in the artificial reefs areas. However,the native corals propagated in the AR areas without transplantation and the population recruitment was as high as 6 ~ 7 ind /m2. In the self-recovering areas,the coral coverage rate increased by 19. 4%. The index of coral reef restoration indicates that the weight for biological restoration was 27. 5in the AR areas with transplantation. The index was 39. 3 for the AR areas without transplantation and for the selfrecovering areas,indicating that the corals were in sub-health status. Our results show that self-recovering is possible in the coral ecosystems with healthy corals and good reproduction of polyps. It is only a matter of time when the ecosystem recovers naturally. In the areas where substrates are rare for the coral polyps,we can enhance the restoration process by building artificial reefs to increase the settlement rate of the polyps.更多还原