【摘要】 发酵床养殖技术是基于控制畜禽粪便排放与污染而发展起来的一种新型养殖技术。通过对不同养殖场发酵床废弃垫料理化性质进行测定,判断其是否能够直接作为有机肥料施用到土壤中。结果表明,废弃垫料中富含有机质、全氮、全磷、全钾等营养元素。其中有机质43.19%~53.95%,全氮2.28%~2.66%,全磷(P2O5)2.36%~2.70%,全钾(K2O)2.80%~3.62%,均符合国家有机肥料农业行业标准(NY 525—2012)。但废弃垫料中p H值为8.03~8.93,EC为3 679~4 310μS/cm,大肠杆菌数量在48.00×104~52.00×104cfu/g之间,沙门氏菌数量在18.33×102~38.33×102cfu/g之间,种子发芽率指数为15.88%~31.52%。在废弃垫料资源化利用方面,发酵床废弃垫料虽具有有机肥料的基本性质,但是其p H值偏碱性,盐分含量偏高,存在使我国北方土壤碱化、土壤盐渍化风险;大肠杆菌严重超标,具有生物安全隐患;种子发芽率指数低,说明废弃垫料中存在抑制种子萌发的毒素。因此施用前必须对养殖发酵床废弃垫料进行无害化处理。更多还原

【Abstract】 Deep-litter-system,as an agricultural rearing technique,can reduce animal manure egesta and pollution and the selection and management of raw materials for litter were of great importance. In this trail,different abandon litters’ physical and chemical properties of deep-litter-system were measured in order to obtain an answer whether they could be used in field or not.The results showed that the abandon litters were rich in organic matter,nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium. The contents of organic matter,total nitrogen,total phosphorus( P2O5) and total potassium( K2O) were in the range of 43. 19% ~ 53. 95%,2. 28% ~ 2. 66%,2. 36% ~ 2. 70% and 2. 80% ~ 3. 62% respectively. They were all lower than the respective values in the organic fertilizer national standards( NY 525—2012). But these litters had high p H and EC( the p H value were 8. 03 ~ 8. 93 and EC were 3 679 ~ 4 310 μS / cm) which could bring risk on soil alkalinization and soil salinization in the north of China. The amounts of E. coli were in the range of 48. 00 × 104~ 52. 00 × 104 cfu / g which were higher than control standards of urban wastes for agricultural use( GB 8172—1987). And Salmonella could be detected in these litters which the amount were 18. 33 × 102~38. 33 × 102 cfu / g. The contents of GI were in the range of 15. 88% ~ 31. 52% which was too low. The abandon litters have the fundamental properties of organic fertilizer,and must be harmlessly processed before land utilization for biological safety risks.更多还原