【摘要】 运用实验仪器探索运动员眼动特征一直是运动心理学家不断研究的重要课题。研究证明,运用眼动记录仪能够及时、准确地记录运动员眼球运动的时间和空间特征,是反映运动员视觉特征的有效手段。采用ASL Eye Tracker 6000型眼动记录仪对不同水平排球运动员对扣球动作图示各期段眼动特征进行试验研究,力求探索排球运动员对排球扣球动作图示进行视觉搜索的内在认知规律,为排球运动科学训练、心理选材和技战术合理运用等方面提供理论借鉴与参考。结果发现:(1)高水平运动员在各期段的平均注视时间、总注视时间、平均眼跳距离、平均眼跳速度、瞳孔直径眼动指标都大于低水平运动员,高水平运动员注视点数量在击球准备期内大于低水平运动员。(2)高水平-低水平运动员的平均注视时间在击球准备期内对比差异显著、总注视时间在击球准备期和击球期内对比差异十分显著、平均眼跳速度在起跳期和击球期对比差异显著、注视点数量在击球准备期内对比差异显著、平均瞳孔直径在三个期段内对比差异十分显著。(3)高水平运动员判断正确率远远高于低水平运动员,对比差异十分显著。说明高水平运动员在长期的比赛和训练中,形成了快速、准确搜索动作特征信息的能力及对信息分析综合和正确决策能力。更多还原

【Abstract】 It has been an important topic which sport psychologists keep studying to use scientific laboratory apparatus to search for athletes’ eye movementfeatures. According to the research,volleyballers’ eye movement timing features and spatial features can be accurately recorded instantly by using the eyemovement recorder,and the eye movement recorder is an effective instrument to reflect volleyballers’ visual features. In this research,the ASL Eye Tracker6000 was used for research on the visual search focus point and eye movement features in smashing action graph of volleyball players of different skill levels, try to explore the intrinsic cognitive rules of visual search in the volleyball smashing movement graph by volleyballers,and providing theoretical references forscientific training in volleyball playing,psychological selection and proper use of skills and tactics and others. It is found that(1)the average fixation time, total fixation time,the average saccade distance,the average saccade speed and the diameter of the pupil of eye movement indices in each period of high-lev-el athletes were higher than the low level athletes. The fixation point number of high level athlete in the address period was larger than that of the low level ath-letes.(2)the average fixation duration of high level and low level players in different period ball contrasted significantly,total fixation time on the ball and theball between period was very significant,the average saccade speed difference in the take-off phase and a phase contrast significantly,the fixation point num-ber in the ball during the period,the average contrast significantly difference the pupil diameter in the differences between the three period contrast is quitesignificant.(3)the judgment correctness of high-level volleyball players was significantly higher than that of low-level with significant difference. It meansthat high-level volleyball players have acquired the ability to visually search for action information stably,accurately,and effectively and the ability to quick-ly process information and make correct decisions.更多还原