Objective: To observe the value of TGF-β1 and VEGF in differential diagnosis of thoracic pleural effusion. Methods: We detected TGF- β1 and VEGF with ELISA in pleural fluid of 104 patients with pleural effusion.Results: The TGF- β1 and VEGF of malignant and tuberculous exudates were:( 30. 5 ± 11. 8) ng /ml,( 41. 8 ± 7. 5)ng /ml,( 580 ± 143. 8) pg /ml,( 640 ± 158. 4) pg /ml;( 11. 9 ± 9. 9) ng /ml,( 17. 6 ± 5. 8) ng /ml,( 121. 5 ± 22. 3) pg /ml,( 135. 4 ± 23. 5) pg /ml respectively( P < 0. 01). The TGF- β1 an...