【摘要】 胞外体(exosomes)是由细胞内多泡体与细胞膜融合后释放到细胞外基质中直径30~100 nm的膜性小囊泡,内含来源细胞的mRNA、miRNA和蛋白质等成分,能反映来源细胞的生物学信息,可能成为潜在的生物学标志物。Exosomes在信号转导、诱导机体抗肿瘤和免疫耐受等方面的作用是近年来研究的热点,并已成为一种新型治疗手段。尿液exosomes与肾脏生理功能及疾病之间有着密切的关系,但其研究尚处于初期阶段。文章就exosomes的生物学特性、生理功能、分离纯化及其在肾脏疾病方面的标志物作用和治疗价值的研究进展作一综述。更多还原

【Abstract】 Exosomes are small membrane vesicles secreted into extracellular matrix after the fusion of intracellular multivesicular bodies and cell membrane and their diameters are between 30-100 nm.Exosomes contain mRNAs,miRNAs,and proteins of source cells that can represent biological information of source cells,so they are potential biological markers.Effects of exosomes on signal transduction,inducing anti-tumor responses,and immunologic tolerance responses,etc.become research hotspots in recent years and have been used in new treatments.The urinary exosomes are closely related to the physiological functions and diseases of kidneys.However,the research in this field is only in early stages.This review aims to summarize the research developments of biological characters,physiological functions,separation and purification of exosomes,and their effects as biological markers and treatment values for kidney diseases.更多还原