Based on 2 years' field panel data collected in 10 provinces,this paper empirically analyzed the changing trend of groundwater depth and its impact on agricultural production. The results show that the groundwater depth tended to decline and the trend has become more serious. With the decline of groundwater depth,crop yields have not been negatively affected. It implies that the increase of agricultural production is at the cost of over exploitation of groundwater. With decline of groundwater depth and the ...