【摘要】 目的:了解上海市≥15岁居民乳腺癌早期发现知识和行为现状,为有针对性地开展健康教育和早期发现工作提供科学依据。方法:利用2010年上海市慢性病及其危险因素监测调查数据,调查采用多阶段分层概率随机抽样方法,对15 732名常住居民进行问卷调查,最终有效问卷15 663份,其中女性7 774人。结果:1)≥15岁女性居民对乳腺癌早期异常体征和≥35岁定期检查知识的总体知晓率分别为60.53%和51.10%。各年龄组间知晓率存在差异,35~69岁女性居民知晓率分别为66.33%和57.25%。不同文化程度者早期发现知识知晓率不同,文化程度高者知晓率高,大专及大专以上被调查者知晓率分别为79.57%和68.74%。2)居民曾接受乳腺癌早期发现相关检查的比例低,不同年龄段和不同文化程度居民受检比例不同。20~69岁女性居民坚持’每月乳腺自查’的比例为30.87%,不能坚持每月乳腺自查的主要原因是对乳腺自我检查的方法不了解(42.58%)和容易忘记(23.01%)。35~69岁女性居民曾接受临床乳腺触诊检查比例为21.28%,45~69岁女性居民X射线钼靶检查和乳腺超声受检比例分别为14.36%和18.80%。3)在接受过早期发现相关检查的调查对象中,最近一次接受检查的时间距调查平均时间间隔不同,较推荐的时间间隔长。35~69岁女性居民最近一次乳腺临床检查的平均时间为2.36年。45~69岁女性居民最近一次乳腺X射线钼靶和超声检查的平均时间分别为2.75和2.52年。结论:上海市居民对乳腺癌早期发现的认知较高,参加相关早期发现检查的比例较低,接受检查的时间距调查时间的间隔较长。应针对居民开展针对性的健康教育,提高居民掌握自检技术和参检比例,以减少自身延误和提高居民参加项目性癌症筛查的参与率以及主动性防癌体检的比例。更多还原

【Abstract】 OBJECTIVE:To examine the perception and behavior of early detection for breast cancer,one of cancer types recommended for early detection among female residents in Shanghai,and provide scientific evidence for breast cancer prevention among residents.METHODS:A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2010in Shanghai.A total of 15 732residents were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling.15 663valid individual questionnaires were collected and 7 774residents were female.RESULTS:Generally,residents in Shanghai had enough knowledge for early detection of breast cancer.The knowledge rates for the abnormal sign of breast cancer in female residents(≥15years)and the advocacy of regular breast examination in females over 35years old were 60.53% and 51.10% among residents,respectively.The rates of knowledge varied among different age group and educational level.The rates were 66.33% and 57.25%in the35-69years old group.The residents with higher education level had better knowledge,which were 79.57% and68.74%in the residents with college degree or above.The percentage of residents who had experienced breast cancer early detection tests was low and it varied by age group and education level.Only 30.87% practiced breast self-examination(BSE)each month regularly.The main reasons were lack of knowledge about the method(42.58%)and forgetting how to do it(23.01%).About 21.28%of female residents aged 35-69had clinical breast examination(CBE).Only 14.36%and18.80% of the residents aged 45-69had a mammogram and breast ultrasound,respectively.The time intervals betweenthe time received related test and the day of survey were longer than recommended.The average time interval for breast clinical examination among femaless aged 35-69was 2.36years.For breast mammogram and Ultrasound test,the average interval was 2.75and 2.52years among female aged 45-69,respectively.CONCLUSIONS:The results of this study revealed that knowledge of residents in Shanghai about early detection of breast cancer was high but the percentages of using the early detection tests for breast cancer were low.It is necessary to enhance public health education on breast cancer prevention and control and to develop tools to guide the planning and implementation of interventions for early detection.更多还原