【摘要】 为明确玉米根系在土壤中的生长特性,通过根箱试验,利用WinRhizo根系分析软件,分析不同氮肥运筹、不同株型品种对玉米根系生长及分布的影响。研究结果表明,玉米根系由直径为≤1mm、直径在1~2mm以及直径>2mm的根群组成。在盆栽条件下,玉米根系直径≤1mm的根群的长度、面积及体积分别占总根系80%、50%及20%以上,是根系吸收水肥的主要区域。不同氮肥运筹对玉米根系具有不同的影响。重基肥处理增加根系生物总量,并且增加根系分枝的数量,以及直径≤1mm的不定根系的各项几何参数,有利于提高水肥摄取效率。反之,适当少量施入基肥,则显著增加直径为2mm以上的不定根的数量、长度、面积及体积等相关生物量,有利于促进根系下扎,提高根系健壮程度。不同株型玉米品种根系的生长趋势具有显著差异。披散型品种在生育前期根系生长量均显著高于紧凑型品种,在生育后期紧凑型品种根系的生长量均高于披散型品种,且在生育后期根系生长较披散型品种旺盛。紧凑型品种根系的构型变化较披散型玉米品种更有利于玉米后期生长及产量的建成。更多还原

【Abstract】 The objective of this study was to clarify the growth characteristics of the maize root.Root box experiments were conducted to collect root distribution data.Moreover,influences of difference N-fertilizer treatment and different plant type on root growth were analyzed with WinRhizo software.The results showed that the maize roots composed of the roots of diameter≤1.00 mm,between 1and 2mm and>2mm.At the condition of pot cultrue,the length percent was over 80%,and area percent over 50%,and volume percent was over 20%in total root of the adventitious root and the first branch of roots(diameter≤1.00mm)which was the main area of root absorption of water and fertilizer.Different N fertilization strategies had different effects on maize roots.Base fertilizer increase had impact on maize root number and root total length and increased the roots(0-20 cm level)number and total biomass,and increased all the geometric parameters of the roots(diameter≤1.00mm).It was beneficial to improve the water and fertilizer uptake efficiency.Conversely,base fertilizer increase had impact on all the geometric parameters and total biomass of the roots(diameter>2.00mm).It was beneficial to promote the root downward growth and increase the root robust degree.Growth trend had significant difference on maize roots with different canopy-type.The root growth quantity of flat canopy-type was significant more than the compact canopy-type’s at early growth stage.The root growth quantity of compact canopy-type was significant more than the flat canopy-type’s at late growth stage and the roots growth was more vigorous than the flat canopy-type’s.The changes of compact canopy-type root configuration were more beneficial for the maize growth than the flat canopy-type at late stage and raised the output of production.更多还原