【摘要】 基于NaSch模型提出了一个改进的元胞自动机交通流模型,旨在反映雨雪天气时道路湿滑能见度差的情况下司机驾驶车辆更加谨慎的特点.考虑谨慎司机的不同比例,通过数值模拟得到了一组基本图,发现含有不同比例的谨慎司机对交通流产生不同程度的影响.并通过车辆的时空演化图,从微观的角度对恶劣天气时交通流的非线性特性进行了细致的分析,揭示了在雨雪等恶劣环境下更容易出现交通拥堵的机理,与实际交通特征相吻合.因此模型能够部分地反映恶劣天气时交通流的微观特性,同时也证明了司机的驾驶行为对交通拥堵的形成确实具有重要的影响.更多还原

【Abstract】 Based on the NaSch model of traffic flow, a modified cellular automaton traffic model is proposed. The model is attempted to reflect the characteristics of discreetness found in vehicle drivers under rain or snow weather condition. In the modeling process, the special driving condition of wet, slippery road and poor visibility are taken into account. The fundamental diagrams of traffic flow are obtained based on the numerical simulation, in which different percentage of discreet drivers is sampled. It is found that the percentile value of discreet drivers has effect on the traffic flow. By presenting the spatial-temporal profiles, the nonlinear properties of traffic flow in the inclement weather condition are analyzed thoroughly. It can be noted that traffic jams occur more frequently in rainy or snowy weather. It is in agreement with the actual traffic characteristics, so the presented model can also partly describe the microscopic characteristics of traffic flow in the inclement environment. The results demonstrate that the driver behavior has significant effect on the occurrence of traffic congestion.更多还原