【摘要】 目的探索在学校开展结核病防控的方法和效果。方法①开展"六岁防痨工程",每年进入6岁的儿童统一作一次结核病免疫应答监测,有病早治,无病早防;②对入学新生结核病进行预防性体检;③对结核菌素试验强阳性学生进行预防性治疗;④在学校进行结核病健康教育;⑤制定落实《学校结核病应急处置预案》;6、和学校签订结核病防控目标管理责任书。结果①学生新发结核病患者占全市新登记患者的比率由1996年的14.4%下降到2013年的3.2%,年均递降率为8.5%,递降率差异有统计学意义(χ2=34.075,P<0.05);而学生中排菌的肺结核病人的下降幅度更大,年均递降率为10.0%,由1996年的12%下降到2013年的2.0%,递降率差异有统计学意义(χ2=6.733,P<0.05)。②学生活动性结核病发病率年均为18.9/10万(8.4/10万±36.1/10万),由1996年的25.9/10万下降到2013年的10.9%,年递降率为5.0%,递降率差异有统计学意义(χ2=11.066,P<0.05);学生涂阳肺结核发病率年均为4.1/10万(1.0/10万±8.8/10万),由1996年的8.8/10万下降到2013年的1.0/10万,年均递降率为12.0%,递降率差异有统计学意义(χ2=11.614,P<0.05)。18年来,新密市各学校没有发生结核病聚集性发病现象。结论采取综合性防控措施能有效降低学生结核病更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To explore methods and effect of tuberculosis( TB) control among school students.Methods "6-year-old child anti-TB project"was implemented from 1996,which included surveillance of immune response to TB of 6-year-old children every year. They were given TB physical exam,and those positive students were given prophylactic treatment. All students were given TB health education. Results New TB patients among students accounted for the city’s new registered patients declined from 14. 4% in 1996 to 3. 2% in 2013,with 8. 5%of annual reduction rate( χ2= 34. 075,P < 0. 05). The smear positive rate declined from 12% in 1996 to 2% in2013,with 10% of annual reduction rate( χ2= 6. 733,P < 0. 05). The average annual incidence of active pulmonary tuberculosis among students was 18. 9 /100000( 8. 4 /100000 ± 36. 1 /100000),declined from 25. 9 /100000 in1996 to 10. 9 /100000 in 2013( χ2= 11. 066,P < 0. 05),and the average annual incidence of smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis among students was 4. 1 /100000( 1. 0 /100000 ± 8. 8 /100000),declined from 8. 8 /100000 in 1996to 1. 0 /100000 in 2013( χ2= 11. 614,P < 0. 05). No pulmonary tuberculosis outbreak occurred in school since1996. Conclusion Adopt comprehensive prevention and control measures can effectively reduce the incidence of TB among students.更多还原