【摘要】 本文主要依据历代《荔枝谱》,结合地方志对古代福建省荔枝分类方式进行探讨。宋代蔡襄首次将本草系统中的上中下品分类法应用到荔枝分类中,但此方法未得到延续。然而淳熙《三山志》按记录来源的归类方式却对弘治《八闽通志》产生了影响,并促使其产生了几种分类方法,其中成熟期分类法在明末已经完善。本文深入分析早、晚熟荔枝类群,发现现代生物学实验显示荔枝聚类成因与成熟期具有一定的相关性;清代《广东新语》采取的生态分类法也与成熟期分类法有相通之处;且成熟期分类法能够很好地凸显火山荔枝、实生荔枝和其它栽培荔枝类群之间的差异。由此,本文认为传统时代中国荔枝分类学在明末达到了最高峰,且福建省功不可没。更多还原

【Abstract】 Here I present a case study of efforts to classify litchi in Fujian Province of the traditional China, mainly focusing on a series of Lichi Pu and gazetteers. Cai Xiang, living in Song Dynasty, introduced a method to classify the litchi, which was called "San Pin" way developed by Shen Nong Ben Cao, a famous book about herb medicine. But this method wasn’t used by the descendants. However, Hong zhi Ba min tong zhi developed several methods to classify litchi under the sway of Chun Xi San shan zhi, a gazetteer of Song Dynasty, in which the classification method based on fruit maturity had been improved in the end of the Ming Dynasty. Analyzing the group of early and late maturity, scientific experiments show the litchi grouping is also related to the fruit maturity, further, there are some common characters between the ecological classification used by Guang Dong Xin Yu in the Qing Dynasty and the maturity classification. What’s more, the maturity classification could pretty perfectly show the difference among the earliest maturity, semi-wild and other cultivar litchi in Fujian Province. In a word, I think in the traditional China, the litchi classification reaches the peak in the end of the Ming Dynasty.更多还原