【摘要】 目的了解灾民对死亡的态度及其安全感的特点,并进一步探索死亡态度与安全感之间的相关关系。方法运用《安全感-不安全感问卷》与《死亡态度描绘量表》对526名被试进行测试。结果①灾民在死亡逃避(t=7.06,P<0.001)、自然接受(t=33.71,P<0.001)、情绪安全感(t=2.236,P<0.05)和自我安全感(t=5.195,P<0.001)上得分显著高于非灾区被试,但在逃离接受(t=-28.89,P<0.01)维度上的得分显著低于非灾区民众灾民;②年龄段在18~25岁与年龄段在46岁以上的灾民在死亡逃避维度上的得分显著低于年龄段在36~45岁的灾民(F=5.14,P<0.01);③受教育程度在大专以上的灾民在死亡逃避维度上的得分显著低于受教育程度在中专、高中、初中文化的灾民(F=17.63,P<0.05);④男性灾民在自我安全感维度上的得分差异高于女性灾民(t=2.80,P<0.01);⑤在情绪安全感维度上,初中文化灾民的得分小于大专以上灾民、中专或高中灾民(F=4.19,P<0.05);⑥情绪安全感与自然接受呈正相关(r=0.238,P<0.01),而与死亡恐惧(r=-0.312,P<0.01)、趋近接受(r=-0.235,P<0.01)、逃离接受(r=-0.305,P<0.01)则呈负相关;人际安全感与死亡逃避(r=0.159,P<0.01)、自然接受(r=0.251,P<0.01)呈正相关,与逃离接受(r=-0.254,P<0.01)呈负相关;自我安全感与自然接受呈正相关(r=0.182,P<0.01),而与死亡恐惧(r=-0.210,P<0.01)、趋近接受(r=-0.151,P<0.05)、逃离接受(r=-0.275,P<0.01)则呈负相关。结论灾区民众的安全感在4年的物质精神援助下已经恢复常态,加强生死教育更有利于安全感的提升。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To make understanding of the characteristics of victims’ security sense and death attitude after 5. 12 Earthquake,and their relationship. Methods To survey on 526 samples using the " sense of security- insecurity" Questionnaire and Death Attitude Profile- Revised( DAP- R). Results ①The scores on the death avoidance( t = 7. 06,P < 0. 001),neutral acceptance( t =33. 71,P < 0. 001),emotional sense of security( t = 2. 236,P < 0. 05) and self-sense of security( t = 5. 195,P < 0. 001) were higher than the scores on the other samples outside the disaster area. but the score on the escape acceptance( t =-28. 89,P < 0. 01) was lower than the other samples outside the disaster area. ②The score of victims aged from 18 to 25 years old on death avoidance( F = 5. 14,P <0. 01) was lower than ones aged above 46 years old. ③The score of victims whose education degree was above technical or mechanical degree on death avoidance( F = 17. 63,P < 0. 05) was lower than ones whose education degree was professional diploma or high school diploma and junior high school degree. ④The score of male victims on self-sense of security( t = 2. 80,P < 0. 01) was higher than that of female ones. ⑤The score of victims whose education degree was junior high school degree on emotional sense of security( F = 4. 19,P <0. 05) was lower than that of ones whose education degree was above technical or mechanical degree,professional diploma or high school diploma. ⑥Emotional sense of security and neutral acceptance existed significantly positive correlation( r = 0. 238,P < 0. 01),but existed significantly negative correlation with fear of death( r =-0. 312,P < 0. 01),approach acceptance( r =-0. 235,P < 0. 01) and escape acceptance( r =-0. 305,P < 0. 01),Interpersonal sense of security existed significantly positive correlation with death avoidance( r =0. 159,P < 0. 01),and neutral acceptance( r = 0. 251,P < 0. 01),but existed significantly negative correlation with escape acceptance( r=-0. 254,P < 0. 01); Self-sense of security existed significantly positive correlation with neutral acceptance( r = 0. 182,P < 0. 01),but existed significantly negative correlation with fear of death( r =-0. 210,P < 0. 01),approach acceptance( r =-0. 151,P < 0. 05) and escape acceptance( r =-0. 275,P < 0. 01). The correlation of victims’ attitude towards death and their sense of security was significant.Conclusion The sense of security of victims in disaster area has been restored due to get material and spiritual assistance during past four years. Strengthened the life education will contribute to enhancing people’s sense of security.更多还原