【摘要】 目的了解长沙市农村地区适龄留守儿童扩大国家免疫规划(National Immunization Program,NIP)疫苗接种率现状。方法采取多阶段随机抽样的方法,随机抽取20个乡镇(5个/区县)120个行政村1~6岁留守儿童,共入户调查留守儿童1 027名,非留守儿童1 150名。结果适龄留守儿童卡介苗(bacilli calmette-guerin vaccine,BCG)、3剂乙肝疫苗(hepatitis B vaccine,HepB3)、3剂脊髓灰质炎减毒活疫苗(oral poliomyelitis attenuated live vaccine,OPV3)、第4剂OPV(OPV4)、3剂次百白破疫苗(diphtheria,tetanus and pertussis combined vaccine,DTP3)、第4剂DTP(DTP4)、第1剂含麻疹疫苗(measles-containing vaccine,MCV1)、第2剂MCV(MCV2)、第1剂乙脑疫苗(japanese encephalitis vaccine,JEV1)、第2剂乙脑疫苗(JEV2)、第1剂A群流脑疫苗(group A meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine,MPV-A1)、第2剂A群流脑疫苗(MPV-A2)、第1剂A+C群流脑疫苗(group A and C meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine,MPV-AC1)、甲肝疫苗(hepatitis A vaccine,HepA)的接种率分别为99.5%、98.3%、99.1%、62.4%、98.7%、86.2%、97.6%、91.7%、93.5%、71.2%、98.2%、83.0%、48.0%和81.5%;留守儿童MCV1、MCV2、OPV4、DTP4、JEV1、JEV2、MPV-A2及MPV-AC1接种率均低于非留守组儿童且差异有统计学意义(2值分别为5.38,7.66,4.41,4.77,4.21,10.87,4.93,5.04,均有P<0.05)。结论长沙市农村地区适龄留守儿童基础免疫接种率大部分达国家要求,但加强免疫接种率相对较低,且均低于非留守组儿童,需采取针对性措施,提高接种率,降低农村留守儿童疫苗可预防传染病的发病率。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To assess the immunization status of left-behind children vaccinated by vaccines of the national expanded program on immunization(EPI) in Changsha rural areas.Methods Multi-stage sampling was adopted to identify the random samples.1 027 left-behind children and 1 150 parents-accompanying children aged 1-6 years old from5 counties,20 townships and 120 villages were randomly sampled in this survey.Results The coverages of one dose of Bacilli Calmette-Guerin vaccine(BCG),three doses of hepatitis B vaccine(HepB3),three doses of oral poliomyelitis attenuated live vaccine(OPV3),the fourth dose of OPV(OPV4),three doses of diphtheria,tetanus and pertussis combined vaccine(DTP3),the fourth dose of DTP(DTP4),the first dose of measles-containing vaccine(MCV1),the second dose of MCV(MCV2),the first dose of Japanese encephalitis vaccine(JEV1),the second dose of JEV(JEV2),the first dose of group A meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine(MPV-A1),the second dose of MPV-A(MPV-A2),the first dose of group A and C meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine(MPV-AC1) and hepatitis A vaccine(HepA) were 99.5%,98.3%,99.1%,62.4%,98.7%,86.2%,97.6%,91.7%,93.5%,71.2%,98.2%,83.0%,48.0% and 81.5% respectively.Furthermore,the coverage of MCV1,MCV2,OPV4,DTP4,JEV1,JEV2,MPV-A2and MPV-AC1for left-behind children were all significantly lower than those for the parents-accompanying children(P < 0.05).Conclusions Primary immunization coverage of original EPI vaccines for left-behind children almost meets the national standard,but booster immunization coverage are relatively low,similar to those of the parents-accompanying.Corresponding measures should be taken to improve the immunization coverage and to reduce the incidence of vaccine preventable infectious diseases among left-behind children in Changsha rural areas.更多还原