【摘要】 目的 探讨老年人感觉器官功能缺陷与认知功能损害的关系。方法 采用横断面随机整群分层抽样方法调查≥60岁河北省社区老年人,通过面对面的访谈获取一般人口学资料,并评估感觉器官缺陷状况包括视觉、听觉、味觉、嗅觉功能;同时采用简易精神状态检查量表(MMSE)和蒙特利尔认知评估量表(MoCA)进行认知功能评定。结果 (1)调查3 075名老年人,有感觉器官缺陷者共1 223名(39.8%)。(2)感觉器官缺陷组MMSE总分和MoCA总分为(25.52±4.32),(22.03±5.49)分低于无感觉器官缺陷组(26.41±3.86),(23.17±5.04)分,差异有统计学意义(t分别为5.84,5.84,P<0.01);(3)感觉器官缺陷被试者中检出认知功能损害者26.5%高于无感觉器官缺陷者18.8%,患白内障/眼底病变者中认知功能障碍检出率为24.6%高于未患白内障/眼底病变者20.5%,听力障碍者中认知功能障碍检出率为31.5%高于无听力障碍者19.1%,存在嗅觉障碍者中认知功能障碍检出率为19.1%低于未患嗅觉障碍者21.8%,存在味觉障碍者中认知功能障碍检出率为27.6%高于未患味觉障碍者21.7%,差异均有统计学意义(χ~2分别为25.58,13.47,55.08,7.82,9.96;P<o.05);老视者中认知功能障碍检出率为21.7%,非老视者为22.2%,差异无统计学意义(χ~2=0.09,P=0.954)。(4)以认知功能障碍为因变量,各个感觉器官缺陷为自变量进行Logistic回归分析:白内障/眼底病变(Wald=8.85,P=0.003,RR=1.09,95%CI:1.03~1.16)和听力障碍(Wald=7.52,P=0.006,RR=1.19,95%CI:1.05~1.34)是认知功能的影响因素。结论 存在感觉器官缺陷的老年人认知功能水平低于无感觉缺陷的老年人,其中视觉和听觉障碍是认知功能损害的高危因素。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To explore the relationship between on cognitive function disorder and sense organs functional defects in community elderly people.Methods Community elderly people above 60 years in Hebei Province were selected by cross- sectional random cluster sampling method,who were interviewed face-to-face for general demographic data,the condition of sense organs functional defects(vision,auditory perception,gustation,and olfactory sensation,and so on),and cognitive function by MMSE and MoCA.Results(l)Totals of 1 223 elderly people(39.8%) were defined with sense organs functional defects(called sense defects group) in 3075 elderly people.(2)The MMSE and MoCA scores of the sense defects group(25.52±4.32),(22.03±5.49) were significantly lower than those of nonsense defects group(26.41±3.86),(23.17±5.04),G = 5.84,5.84,respectively;P<0.01).(3)In sense defects group,the checkout rate of cognitive disorder(26.5%) was higher than the rate in nonsense defects group(18.8%)with statistical significance differences(χ~2 = 25.58,P<0.05).The checkout rate of cognitive disorder in the people with cataract/retinopathy(24.6%) was higher than that in the people without cataract/retinopathy(20.5%)(χ~2 = 13.47,P < 0.05).The checkout rate of cognitive disorder in the people with hearing disorder(31.5%) was higher than that in the people without hearing disorder(19.1%)(χ~2 = 55.08,P < 0.05).The checkout rate of cognitive disorder in the people with dysosmia(19.1%) was lower than that in the people without dysosmia(21.8%)(χ~2 = 7.82,P < 0.05).The checkout rate of cognitive disorder in the people with dysgeusia(27.6%) was higher than that in the people without dysgeusia(21.7%)(χ~2 = 9.96,P < 0.05).There were no significantly differences on the checkout rate of cognitive disorder between the people with presbyopia(21.7%) and the people without presbyopia(22.2%)(χ~2 = 0.09,P = 0.954).(4)Logistic regression analysis was applied by cognitive dysfunction as the dependent variable and the various sensory organs defects as independent variables:there were statistical significances of function among people with cataract/retinopathy(Wald =8.85,P = 0.003,OR = 1.09,95%CI:1.03- 1.16) and hearing impairment(Wald=7.52,P = 0.006,OR = 1.19,95%CI:1.05- 1.34).Conclusions The cognitive function of elderly with sensory organs functional defects were lower than that of elderly without sensory organs functional defects,especially in vision and hearing disorder.更多还原