【摘要】 党的十八届三中全会后,中国进入全面深化改革的新时期。新时期全面深化国有经济改革的基本目标是,实现市场在资源配置中起决定性作用条件下的国有经济与成熟市场经济体制的全面融合。要实现这个改革目标,中国面临着与时俱进地根据国家使命调整国有经济功能定位和布局、协同推进混合所有制改革确立国有经济的主要实现形式、构建分层分类全覆盖的新国有经济管理体制、推动国有企业完善现代企业制度以奠定国有经济高效运行的微观治理机制四项重大任务。①新时期需要准确界定不同国有企业的功能,将国有企业分成公共政策性、特定功能性和一般商业性三种类型。这是国有经济改革的前提。在现有的113家中央企业中,本文认为公共政策性企业有5家,特定功能性企业有32家,一般商业性企业有76家。针对三类国有企业的功能定位,各类国有企业战略性调整的方向和重点都不同。②推进混合所有制改革坚持"上下结合、试点先行、协同推进"的方法论原则,做到"蹄疾而步稳";具体推进时要做到改革程序公正规范、改革方案依法依规、股权转让公开公允、内部分配公正透明;要协调推进产权改革、治理改革、政府功能完善及市场结构调整,保证非国有经济参与混合所有制改革的公平透明:国有企业推进混合所有制改革引入员工持股制度,应该坚持激励相容、增量分享和长期导向三个原则;推动垄断性行业向可竞争性市场结构转变,为国有企业推进混合所有制创造条件。③国有经济管理新体制是由"国有经济管理委员会—国有资本运营公司或国有资本投资公司—一般经营性国有企业"三个层次构成,管理公共政策性、特定功能性和一般商业性三个类型国有企业,可覆盖所有国有经济的"三层三类全覆盖"管理体制。④在"三层三类"国有经济管理体制下,推动国有企业完善现代企业制度关键是建立差异化的分类治理机制,也就是按照不同功能定位的国有企业,分别建立不同的企业治理机制。更多还原

【Abstract】 After the Third Plenary Session of the 18^th CPC Central Committee,China has entered a new period of comprehensively deepening the reform.Under the new conditions,the fundamental goal of state-owned economy reform is to achieve an overall integration of state-owned economy and mature market economy system,on condition that market plays a decisive role in resource allocation.To achieve the goal,China has to implement four major tasks.①Adjust the function and distribution of state-owned economy according to SOE’s national mission.It is essential to define accurately the functions of different SOEs.We suggest that SOEs should be classified into three types,according to their different missions and functions,including public policy,specific functional and general commercial enterprises.This is the premise of state-owned economy reform.We propose that,among the existing 113 central state-owned enterprises,there are 5 public policy enterprises,32 specific functional enterprises and 76 general commercial enterprises.In the new period,state capital will increase investment in public welfare,in order to make greater contribution to the provision of public services.This functional transformation means that China needs to develop a strategic restructuring of state-owned economy.Due to the different functions of the three types of SOEs,the directions and focuses of their strategic adjustments are different.The state-owned economy of monopoly industries is a very special part with most serious problems.We should carry out ownership reconstruction to promote business and organization restructuring,so as to improve both industrial efficiency and enterprise performance.② Promote the diversified ownership economy as the main form of state-owned economy.In the promoting process,we should ensure that the reform procedure is just and normative,the reform plan is legal compliance,the equity transfer is transparent and fair.We should coordinately promote ownership reform,governance reform,government function improvement and market structure adjustment,and ensure that the private investors participate in diversified ownership reform fairly and transparently.In order to enable the ESOP to play an active role in enhancing incentives and improving corporate governance,SOEs should stick to three principles,which are incentive compatibility,incremental share and long-term orientation.We should also promote monopoly industries to convert into competitive market structure,to create conditions for SOEs to promote diversified ownership reform,and to reach competitive efficiency improvement and economies of scale simultaneously.③Establish a new full-coverage management system of state-owned economy.The new management system of stateowned economy should have three characteristics.Firstly,it should consist of three levels,including state-owned economy management committee,state capital operating companies or investment companies,and general operating enterprises.Secondly,it should supervise the three types of state-owned enterprises with different missions.Finally,it must cover the whole range of state-owned economy.Promote SOEs to improve the modern enterprise system so as to establish an effective micro governance mechanism for the efficient operating of state-owned economy.Under the "three-level and three-type" management system of state-owned economy,the key to promote SOEs to improve the modern enterprise system is to establish a differentiated and classified governance mechanism.It means to set up different governance mechanisms respectively according to different functions of SOEs,presented as diversified institutional arrangements involving legislation system,appraisal methods,leader election and compensation system,state capital revenue collection system,supervision and information disclosure.更多还原