【摘要】 静电喷头电极产生的高压静电场对雾滴荷电及沉积效果有重要影响,为此,根据航空静电喷雾的特点改进原有圆柱管状电极型式为圆锥管状电极。借助Ansoft Maxwell软件和试验测试方法对锥形管状电极的空间电场强度进行分析。建立了基于圆锥管状电极静电喷头的雾滴荷电效果测试系统,开展了模拟飞行条件下的充电电压对雾滴荷质比及沉积分布的影响效果试验研究。结果显示:电极空间电场模拟结果与测试计算结果基本符合,确定靠近锥形电极20~70 mm范围为最佳荷电区域。雾滴荷质比随着充电电压的增加有增加的趋势,与距离喷头的轴向位置关系不大,当电压达到10 kV时雾滴荷电饱和,并获得了最大荷质比2.13 mC/kg。相比0 kV条件,10 kV电压条件下的雾滴在中性靶标侧面、下面和背面的沉积量有明显提高,分别平均提高了18、19、18 cm-2;雾滴在正极靶标的沉积量明显多于负极和中性靶标,在正极靶标背面上的平均沉积量相比其正面和侧面增加的更多,达到86%。更多还原

【Abstract】 In electrostatic spray system, the high voltage electrostatic field generated from the electrode of electrostatic nozzle affects the effectiveness of droplet charging and disposition significantly. According to the features of aerial electrostatic spraying, we substituted cone-shaped electrode for the common cylindrical electrode in the spray system. Using Ansoft Maxwell and through some tests, we analyzed the spatial electric field strength of cone-shaped electrode. An electrostatic spraying test system using cone-shaped electrode was built to conduct the tests, from which the effect of charging voltage on the ratio charge-mass and the droplets deposition distribution under simulating flight conditions was obtained. The results show that the simulated results of spatial electric field well accord with he calculated ones, indicating that the optimum charging zone is between 20 mm and 70 mm near the electrode. The charge-mass ratio increases with the electrostatic voltage, but it shows little relation with the axial position from nozzle. The droplet charge is saturated with a maximum charge-mass ratio of 2.13 mC/kg when charging voltage exceeds 10 kV. Compared with the condition of applying no charging voltage, the deposit rate of charged droplets on the lateral, bottom and back sides of aneutral target significantly increases by 18 cm-2, 19 cm-2, and 18 cm-2, respectively under the influence of 10 kV charging voltage. The deposit rate of droplet on positive targets is much more than that on negative and neutral targets, and it reaches up to 86% on the back side of positive target, which is higher than the according front and lateral sides.更多还原