【摘要】 为了系统完整地反映我国暴露参数的特点,通过整理文献总结了我国暴露参数的取值范围;并参考《中国污染场地风险评估技术导则(征求意见稿)》分析了暴露参数的取值对土壤暴露量的影响。研究表明:(1)我国成人和儿童(0~12岁)体重分别为42.1~71.6 kg、5.35~38.15 kg;成人和儿童土壤摄入量分别为40~300 mg/d、20~200 mg/d;建筑工人可达到400 mg/d,扬尘天气下可达到1 000 mg/d;成人和儿童暴露皮肤面积分别为760~5 700 cm2、320~3 053 cm2;成人、儿童呼吸速率分别为6.24~114 m3/d、2~34.32 m3/d,与《导则》推荐值差异很大。(2)采用《导则》推荐值,儿童经口摄入、经皮肤接触、经呼吸的土壤暴露量值比实际分别最大低估3.6倍、最大高估4.2倍、最大高估1.8倍。参数取值对风险的结果影响较大,有必要在污染场地风险评估中进行概率风险分析。更多还原

【Abstract】 In order to reflect the characteristic of human exposure in China, human exposure factors were studied, and calculation of soil exposure was done based on the reference of Risk Assessment Guidance for Industrial Contaminated Sites in China(Draft). Uncertainty of human exposure factors for soil exposure was analyzed, and results showed that body weight of adults and children were 42.1 ~71.6 kg and 5.35 ~38.15 kg, with soil ingestion 40 ~300 mg/d and 20 ~200 mg/d, while ingestion rate for builders was 400 mg/d and reached to 1 000 mg/d in dust weather. The dermal exposure surface was 760cm2~5 700 cm2 for adults and 320 cm2~3 053 cm2 for children. Inhalation rate was 6.24 m3/d~114 m3/d for adults and 2 m3/d~34.32 m3/d for children. Compared to soil exposure calculated with reference value in the Guidance, soil exposure via dermal way and inhalation way were overestimated 4.2 times and 1.8 times, with dermal way underestimated 3.6 times. It suggested that it was necessary to make uncertainty analysis in risk assessment.更多还原