【摘要】 将北京市地名作为离散点,以GIS中基于核密度估计法的空间平滑法为支撑,从地理区域这一角度分析地名文化景观空间分布特征,突破了以行政分区表达空间变化的通常框架。通过对北京地名文化景观空间分布特征及其成因研究,一定程度反映出北京元明清时期的城市功能分区,同时对探索北京历史时期社会经济发展状况有借鉴意义。研究发现:北部与西部山区为自然景观类地名集中区,与北京自然地理特征相吻合;中部与东南部人口密集的平原地带为文化景观类地名集中区;各文化景观类地名空间分布具有差异,中部为政治、商业、园林、建筑与工程文化类地名集中区,东南部为经济、水利工程类地名集中区,西北部与东部是军事文化类地名集中区,西北部与东北部为园林文化类地名集中区。更多还原

【Abstract】 Place-name landscape, which can reflect the natural environment, national rise and fall, social and economic changes both historically and presently, is an important research branch of Human Geography. This research used GIS to discuss the spatial distribution characteristics of place-name landscape in Beijing and explained their reasons. Firstly, by exploring the origins of place-names, the research carred statistical analysis on them, and classified them into two categories. Secondly, through obtaining Kernel density distribution characteristics of every kind of the place-name through Space Smoothing Algorithm based on Kernel Density Estimation, the research discussed the spatial distribution characteristics of place-name landscape in Beijing. Thirdly, the reasons for the spatial distribution were analyzed. Main conclusions made by this research are as follows: 1) Natural landscape place-names were mainly concentrated in the northern and western mountain areas. 2)By contrast, human landscape place-names tend to centralize in the central and southeastern plains. 3) The spatial distribution characteristics of place-names among human landscape place-names is different. Political, economic, garden, architecture and engineering activities prefer to cluster in the central city, the southeast part of Beijing is proved to be economic and hydraulic engineering activities’ concentrated area, military activities tend to centralize in the northwestern and eastern areas, garden construction activities, however, are almost found in the northwest and northeast areas. By studying on the spatial distribution characteristics of place-name landscape in Beijing and their reasons, this research can clearly show the functional zoning in Beijing during Yuan, Ming and Qing, and help to explore the development of social and economic conditions during those historical periods. In addition, this article can enrich research methods and empirical studies of place-name studies in human geography.更多还原