【摘要】 目的:分析注意缺陷多动障碍(AD/HD)儿童前额叶各脑电波的活性特征;探讨AD/HD发生的脑功能障碍机制。方法:采用教师、家长筛查及精神科医师综合评定确定符合DSM-IV诊断标准的AD/HD儿童70例(男性43例,女性27例),随机选择70例性别与年龄匹配的非AD/HD患者作为对照组(男性38例,女性32例)。将筛选出的被试按年龄大小(中位数分法)分出高年龄组和低年龄组。采用华幼多功能动态脑波机记录所有研究对象左右前额叶的α、β、θ、δ四种脑波在三个不同状态(安静睁眼状态、闭眼静息状态和计算任务状态)下的数据变化。将收集的脑电图(EEG)数据经过快速傅立叶转换后得出的绝对和相对脑波功率数据(定量EEG),采用SPSS17.0软件包进行统计学处理。结果:(1)安静睁眼状态下,AD/HD组的EEG中α、β、θ频带绝对功率与对照组存在显著差异,在闭眼静息状态下β频带绝对功率与对照组存在显著差异。(2)安静睁眼状态下AD/HD组的β/α比值与对照组存在差异。(3)不同年龄阶段,AD/HD组和对照组之间未发现年龄与EEG各频带功率的交互作用。(4)前额叶计算任务状态下与安静睁眼状态下各频段功率变化之比较,AD/HD组与对照组之间α、β、θ频带绝对功率均存在差异,β频带绝对功率差异最大。结论:本研究结果支持AD/HD患者"发展偏离"及"大脑低觉醒水平"理论假设,AD/HD患者从安静睁眼状态转向计算任务状态时,大脑的激活程度较低。推测,AD/HD患者存在大脑抑制功能障碍和大脑激活功能失调。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective:To analyze the electrical activity of frontal cortex of children with Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(AD/HD)and explore the underlying mechanisms of brain dysfunction.Methods:The case group was comprised of70AD/HD children(43boys and 27girls)and they were assessed by teachers,parents and psychiatrists.The control group was comprised of 70 cases of gender and age-matched children without AD/HD(38boys and 32girls)by random choice.All subjects were screened by age separation of higher age group and lower age group.EEG were recorded with the "huayouEEG2000".EEG recording program was composed of three different stages:Eyes-Opened resting state(EO),Eyes-Closed resting state(EC),and Mental Arithmetic Task state(MAT).They were arrayed by EO(1minute)-EC(2minutes)-MAT(1minute).The EEG was visually appraised to exclude artifacts,and all suitable 1-sec epochs were Fourier transformed with a Hamming window into absolute and relative power in the delta,theta,alpha and beta bands.Theta/alpha,theta/beta and beta/alpha ratio coefficients were also calculated.The data was analyzed by SPSS17.0package of software.Results:(1)Absolute theta,alpha and beta power were increased in the AD/HD group compared with the control subjects in the EyesOpened resting state.There were significant differences for absolute beta power in Eyes-Closed resting state between AD/HD and the control group.(2)There were significant differences for beta/alpha ratio between AD/HD and the control group in the Eyes-Opened resting state.(3)No interactive effect was found between EEG frequency bands power and age of AD/HD group and those control subjects.(4)In the prefrontal cortex,the changes of the alpha,beta and theta from EO to MAT were significantly different in absolute power between AD/HD group and the control group,especially the changes of the beta from EO to MAT were significantly different between AD/HD group and the control group.Conclusion:The results of the research supported the low arousal theoretical hypothesis.There was lower activity of brain in the children with AD/HD from Eyes-Opened resting state to Mental Arithmetic Task state compared with the control subjects.This result showed that the children with AD/HD had inhibiting function disorder of brain,which led to the dysfunction of activity.更多还原