【摘要】 蚕茧采用酶脱胶的方法对茧丝的损伤小,且有利于丝胶蛋白回收和减轻环境污染。为了推进酶脱胶方法在柞蚕茧缫丝生产中的应用,分别用2709碱性蛋白酶、木瓜蛋白酶对柞蚕茧脱胶,通过控制温度、时间和酶用量,探究适合柞蚕茧脱胶的酶种类以及工艺条件。结果表明,柞蚕茧进行丝胶膨润、软化前处理后,在酶质量浓度为4 g/L、温度45℃、pH 10,浴比1∶25、酶解时间150 min的条件下,2709碱性蛋白酶对柞蚕茧的脱胶率达到10%左右;柞蚕茧经真空渗透前处理后,在酶质量浓度为6 g/L,温度70℃、pH 7、浴比1∶25、酶解时间90 min的条件下,中性木瓜蛋白酶对柞蚕茧的脱胶率也达到10%左右。2种蛋白酶对柞蚕茧均有较好的脱胶效果。用扫描电子显微镜观察酶脱胶后缫制的柞蚕丝形貌,可见其表面较为光滑,茧丝的损伤程度明显小于传统的碱法脱胶对茧丝的损伤,且中性木瓜蛋白酶脱胶对茧丝的损伤小于2709碱性蛋白酶脱胶对茧丝的损伤。更多还原

【Abstract】 Enzymatic degumming of cocoon can reduce damage to cocoon filament and is favorable to sericin recovery and to reduce environmental pollution. In order to promote the application of enzymatic degumming in reeling tussah silkworm cocoons,2709 alkaline protease and papain were used to degum tussah silkworm cocoons,and the effects of temperature,treatment time and enzyme dosage were investigated to explore suitable enzyme and technological conditions for degumming tussah silkworm cocoons. The results showed that the degumming rate of tussah silkworm cocoon after sericin swelling and softening pretreatment reached about 10% under the degumming conditions of 4 g/ L 2709 alkaline protease,temperature 45 ℃,pH 10,liquor ratio 1∶25,and digestion time 150 min. The degumming rate of tussah cocoon after vacuum osmosis pretreatment also reached about 10% under the degumming conditions of 6 g/ L neutral papain,temperature 70 ℃,pH 7,liquor ratio 1 ∶ 25,and digestion time 90 min. Both proteases had good degumming effect to tussah silkworm cocoon. Scanning electron microscopic observation to morphology of tussah cocoon silk after enzymatic degumming indicated that the surface of tussah cocoon silk was smooth and had less damage compared with the tussah cocoon silk degummed by conventional alkaline treatment. Besides,damage of tussah cocoon silk caused by neutral papain was less than that by 2709 alkaline protease.更多还原