【摘要】 中国制造业经验学习强度的测度一直是理论界忽视的一个重要问题。文章使用一种改进的Levinsohn和Petrin(2003)半参数两阶段测度方法,率先系统测算了中国制造业的经验学习强度。研究发现,中国制造业"干中学"强度和经验扩散强度分别为0.194和0.436,这意味着成本降低率分别为12.57%和16.38%。更为重要的是,"干中学"和经验扩散呈现相互偏离的走势:一方面,"干中学"的强度逐年持续增加;另一方面,倘若以两年移动平均来衡量,经验扩散的强度则出现逐渐下降的态势。这两种走势揭示了中国制造业已经到了从技术引进和技术模仿向自主创新转变的紧迫时期。进一步地,经验扩散是中国制造业整体存在的一个系统性现象,经验扩散强度并不会随产业特征的变动而改变;相反,中国制造业的"干中学"强度在不同行业间表现出很强的异质性,这种异质性来源于行业的技术特征,这与行业内固有的产业属性紧密相关。更多还原

【Abstract】 The measurement of experiential learning strength in Chinese manufacturing has been an important issue ignored by the theoretical circle.This paper uses an improved two-stage semi-parametric measurement method suggested by Levinsohn and Petrin in 2003to systematically estimate the experiential learning strength in Chinese manufacturing firstly.And it indicates that the strength of learning by doing and experience diffusion in Chinese manufacturing is 0.194and 0.436respectively,which means that the cost reduction rates are 12.57%and 16.38%respectively.More importantly,learning by doing and experience diffusion tend to deviate from each other:on the one hand,the strength of learning by doing continuously increases year by year;on the other hand,the strength of experience diffusion gradually declines if taking the two-year moving average as the measurement period.These two trends reveal that the Chinese manufacturing has reached a conversion period from technology introduction and imitation to independent innovation. Furthermore,experience diffusion is a systematic phenomenon entirely in manufacturing, which is not related to the changes in industrial characteristics.On the contrary,the strength of learning by doing in Chinese manufacturing is featured by strong heterogeneity between different industries,which stems from industrial technological characteristics and is closely related to the inherent intra-industry industrial attributes.更多还原