【摘要】 模糊语言学研究的模糊(fuzzy),应该包括语言层面的模糊和话语层面的模糊。语言层面的模糊是语言单位仅仅受制于语言系统、并不跟言语活动相联系的模糊。话语层面的模糊是言语活动中同一定交际任务、交际环境相联系而产生的模糊。为加以区别,我们且称语言层面的模糊为"模糊语言",话语层面的模糊为"模糊言语"。本文就名词、动词、形容词等分别举例证实语言单位存在不同程度的模糊;同时指出,词语或句法结构的多义性不属于语言模糊。本文着重讨论了话语中的模糊,即模糊言语。将话语中的模糊分成修辞性的模糊言语和社会性的模糊言语。修辞性的模糊言语是适应修辞需要,有意背离语言系统、改变语言单位固有意义而形成的话语模糊;对此,分别从语义偏离、实意隐藏、概念杜撰这三方面加以举例说明。社会性的模糊言语是受社会因素的制约和影响,话语中的有关词语跟其在词汇·词义系统中的价值不同步,有差异,从而造成的话语模糊;用"重要"和"著名"这两个词实际使用情形的调查材料,对此作了具体说明。更多还原

【Abstract】 The fuzziness explored in fuzzy linguistics includes two aspects: the fuzziness in language and the fuzziness in speech(or discourse). The former refers to the one which happens when the language units only subject to the language system,and which is not linked with the speech activities. The latter refers to the one which happens when the speech activities are linked with both the task and the environment of communication. With nouns, verbs, and adjectives etc. this paper exemplifies the fact that, to some degree, fuzziness exists in almost all language units, while the polysemy of words or syntaxes does not belong to the fuzzy language. This paper mainly discusses the fuzziness in discourse, namely fuzzy speech, which consists of rhetoric fuzzy discourse and social fuzzy discourse. Rhetoric fuzzy discourse refers to the deliberate departure from the language system and the change of the inherent meaning of the language units so as to meet the rhetoric needs, which will be exemplified through the semantic deviation, the hidden connotation and the coined concept respectively in this paper. Social fuzzy discourse refers to the mismatch or the difference of the values of the relevant vocabulary, often affected and restricted by social factors, in lexical-semantic system and the values in the speech activities,which will be exemplified in this paper by two Chinese words"zhongyao"(important)and"zhuming"(famous).更多还原