【摘要】 发达国家城市内涝防治措施的发展趋势表明,雨水管理由以排为中心转向以渗蓄为中心,重视雨洪的蓄存利用,同时充分利用土壤、生态系统的调蓄能力,合理增加浅层地下水回灌,减少地表径流。结合实例从雨水排放、蓄存和雨水下渗3方面介绍了内涝防治措施的转变及发展趋势,为我国雨水管理提供启示。将内涝防治与生态技术、绿色建筑、浅层回灌地下水等相结合,可实现城市开发前后径流"零增长",避免内涝情况发生。更多还原

【Abstract】 The paper is inclined to make a review on the changing situation,the reforming and improvement of running and controlling measures of urban waterlogging and the likely enlightenment from the rainwater management policy in developing and developed countries.As a matter of fact,it has been long since people began to realize the great importance of rainwater resources to human survival.Two principal parts in this connection to be mentioned are the rainwater storage and its drainage systems.As we know,rainwater infiltration can control its runoff even from the beginning.However,the trend of the city waterlogging prevention measures in the developed countries suggests that the center of rainwater management changes from discharge to infiltration.The rainwater storage also serves as the rainwater management measure to help to reduce the runoff volume.At the same time,making full use of the storage capacity of the soil and ecological system can help effectively increase the shallow groundwater recharge and reduce the surface runoff.In addition,the underground system can contribute to the improvement of the rainwater management,such as underground storage tank.What’s more,it is one of the most effective approaches to improving the rainwater treatment facilities along with landscape construction and green environment system construction.This paper,therefore,attempts to disclose the mechanism and illustrate the changing and developing tendency of city waterlogging prevention measures through some practical examples.And,last of all,conclusions have been arrived at from rainwater drainage,storage and infiltration three aspects.As to China,it seems that particularly great efforts are needed to reduce the hazards and likely disasters of rainwater hitting as well as to improve measures and strategies to turn it into available water resources for our so large a population and so scarce of water energy resources.Perhaps,it can be said that one of the most important measures to be taken is to improve drainage system and increase the design return period of new pipes for temporary storage of more flood and flood-alleviating peak.Furthermore,it is necessary to enhance water quality of runoff and groundwater recharge management by infiltration through the soil layer.At the same time,it is of extreme importance to improve the early warning system so as for the ordinary people to obtain flood information in time and heighten the contribution part to disaster abatement.All in all,more research and application of ecological technology,green building,rainwater recharge and other methods should be done to reduce the surface water runoff so as to promote the program of urbanization.Only through all these measures can we expect to get rid of the problem of urban waterlogging and flood disasters fundamentally.更多还原