【摘要】 目的:系统比较国内外基本药物目录的异同,为完善我国基本药物目录提出建议。方法:选取4类经济发展水平的22个代表性国家,通过对其基本药物目录的遴选、内容进行对比,并探析影响基本药物目录的因素。结果与结论:各国基本药物目录遵循安全、有效、经济和临床必需的共同标准和原则,目录分类方式、品种数目、治疗类别、调整周期大体一致,而儿童用药均尚显不足;此外,目录制定主要受经济水平、人种和疾病谱、医药卫生基础的影响。借鉴国外经验,我国应加强循证医学和药物经济学的应用,参考国外主流基本药物品种,不断改进儿童用药,完善基本药物的遴选及动态调整机制。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective: To make recommendations for the improvement of the national essential medicine list (EML) in China through a comparative study of EMLs at home and abroad. Methods: About 22 representative countries at four levels of economic development were selected for the comparative study on the catalogue selection and the content of essential medicines , and the impact factors related to EML were analyzed. Results and Conclusion: Safety, effectiveness, economy and clinical necessary are the common standards and the principles for making the national EML by these countries and the catalogue classification , number of varieties, therapeutic category, period of adjustment are largely consistent , while the insufficiency of drugs for children is still the common problem. In addition , the constitution of EML is mainly affected by the factors such as economic level , race and spectrum of disease and the medical and health care conditions. Referring to the experiences of foreign countries , China should enhance the application of evidence-based medicine and pharmacoeconomics , seek the mainstream varieties of essential medicines abroad and further improve children medication so as to perfect the selection and dynamic adjustment mechanism for essential medicines.更多还原