【摘要】 目的通过分析2006—2012年东莞市职业中毒的发病特征,提出防治对策。方法采用描述流行病学的方法对2006—2012年东莞市职业中毒的发病特征进行分析。结果①2006—2012年东莞市网络直报职业病诊断病例共272例。职业中毒发病病例整体呈上升态势,职业病中毒发病趋向于群体性,以职业性慢性中毒为主(64.34%);②职业性急性中毒病种主要是含卤代烃为主的有机溶剂中毒(59.79%);职业性慢性中毒病种主要是苯中毒(49.14%)和正己烷中毒(39.42%);③职业性急性中毒病例中男性明显多于女性,而职业性慢性中毒病例中男女之间没有明显区别;④职业性中毒(急性和慢性)以青壮年发病为主(<45岁);⑤职业性急性中毒发病工龄多数<5 a,职业性慢性中毒发病工龄多数<10 a;⑥职业性中毒(急性和慢性)病例多分布于经济条件发达的南部镇区,并依次向中北部镇区递减;⑦行业以轻工业多见;⑧经济类型以非公有制私营经济为主;⑨职业性急性中毒病例主要集中在大型企业;职业性慢性中毒病例主要集中在中小型企业。结论东莞市职业性中毒并未得到有效遏制,从传统的单一病种向多元化病种发展,不断出现新的职业性中毒病例,如卤代烃溶剂引起的职业性急性中毒,应建立合理有效的防治对策,综合防治。更多还原

【Abstract】 [Objective]To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of occupational poisoning in Dongguan City from 2006-2012,put forward the prevention and control strategies. [Methods]The descriptive epidemiological method was adopted to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of occupational poisoning in Dongguan City from 2006-2012. [Results]①272 diagnosed cases of occupational diseases were reported by direct reporting network system in Dongguan City from 2006-2012. The incidence rate of occupational poisoning presented the overall upward trend,and showed the characteristics of group. Most of cases were chronic occupational poisoning,accounting for 64. 34%.②The acute occupational poisoning was mainly organic solvent poisoning which was dominated by halogenated hydrocarbon(59. 79%),while the chronic occupational poisoning mainly included benzene poisoning(49. 14%) and n-hexane poisoning(39.42%).③The male patients with acute occupational poisoning were significantly more than female patients,and there was no significant difference in incidence rate of chronic occupational poisoning between males and females. ④Most of patients with both acute and chronic occupational poisoning were young adults under 45 years old. ⑤The patients with acute occupational poisoning were mainly the workers whose working age was less than 5 years old,while the patients with chronic occupational poisoning were mainly the employees whose working age was more than 10 years old. ⑥Most of patients with both acute and chronic occupational poisoning were reported in south towns with developed economy,followed by the central and north towns. ⑦The trade distribution focused on light industries. ⑧The economic type was dominated by non-public-owned economy. ⑨The cases of chronic occupational poisoning were mainly reported in the large enterprises,while the cases of chronic occupational poisoning were mainly found in small and medium enterprises.[Conclusion]The occupational poisoning has not been effectively controlled in Dongguan City,and it changes from the type of traditional single disease to the type of diverse diseases. New occupational poisoning cases have appeared constantly,for example,the acute occupational poisoning caused by chlorinated hydrocarbon solvent. It is necessary to establish the effective and reasonable management system and carry out comprehensive measures.更多还原